vocabulary and expressions
1. overdraw v. BANKING to take moremoneyout of abankaccountthan it contained: 透支
overdraw sth by $20/$200 etc. Eg. I overdrew myaccountby ￡50.
overdraw on sthEg. It is not possible for children to overdraw on theiraccounts.
2. unscathed adj [after verb]?/?n?ske?ed/ ?withoutinjuriesordamagebeingcaused: 未受傷的
Eg. Herhusbanddiedin theaccidentbut she,amazingly,escapedunscathed.
3. incumbent
(1) adj.?officiallyhaving thenamedposition現任的；在職的
Eg. The incumbentpresidentfacesproblemswhichbeganmanyyearsbefore he tookoffice.
be incumbent on/upon sb:to benecessaryfor someone（某人）義不容辭；（某人）必須履行
Shefeltit incumbent upon/on her toraisethesubjectattheirmeeting.
(2) noun :thepersonwho has or had aparticularofficialposition現任者，在職者
the first/last/previousincumbent 第一任／上一任／前任
Eg. Thepresentincumbent (of thepost) isduetoretirenextmonth.
4. resilient adj:abletoquicklyreturnto apreviousgoodcondition有彈性的；有復原力的；適應性強的
Eg. Thisrubberballis very resilient andimmediatelyspringsback intoshape.
Eg. She's a resilientgirl- she won't beunhappyforlong.
5. cumbersome: adj awkwardbecause of beinglarge,heavy, or noteffective
笨重的；累贅的；低效的 Eg.cumbersomeequipment
6. kick-start
v. (1)to make theengineof amotor cyclestartby forcefullypushingdown ametalbarwithyourfoot ?用腳踏啟動（摩托車）
(2）to make somethingstarttohappen 促使…開始
Eg .Taxes were drasticallycutin anattemptto kick-start theeconomy.
7.rock-bottom?n. (1)thelowestpossiblelevel 最低點；最低水平
Eg. Confidence in thegovernmentis at rockbottom.
(2) the mostunhappythat someone haseverbeen intheirlife
（生活中的）最低點，最不愉快的時刻
Dan had justleftme and I was atrockbottom.伊恩剛剛離我而去，我心情糟到了極點。
8. water sth down:
(1) toaddwaterto adrink, usually analcoholicdrink, inorderto make it lessstrong在（酒精飲料）中摻水，稀釋?
(2) todeliberatelymake anideaoropinionlessextreme, usually so that otherpeoplewillacceptit 使（觀點等）弱化；使緩和
Eg. Thepartyhaswatereddownitsidealsinordertoappealto thecentreground.
9. invoice noun[C]
alistof thingsprovidedorworkdone together withtheircost, forpaymentat alatertime
發票；費用清單
Eg. Invoices must besubmittedby the 24th of everymonth.
(2) invoice verb[T] to supplyan invoice 給…開發票
We'll invoice you forpartsandlabour.零件和人工費用我們將給你開發票。
10. entrant noun[C]
a person who becomes a member of a group or organization. 新成員；新會員；新職員
Eg. new entrants to theschool/company學校新生／公司新職員
