Day 1 ?Words and Phrases
level
1.N-COUNT ? ?Alevelis a point on a scale, for example, a scale of amount, quality, or difficulty. 水平
例：We do have the lowest level of inflation for some years.
我們幾年來的確保持最低水平的通貨膨脹。
2.N-SING ? ?Thelevelof a river, lake, or ocean or thelevelof liquid in a container is the height of its surface. 水位
例：The water level of the Mississippi River is already 6.5 feet below normal.
密西西比河的水位已經比正常水位低6.5英尺。
3.→ see alsosea level
4.N-SINGIf something is at a particularlevel, it is at that height. 水平高度
例：Liz sank down until the water came up to her chin and the bubbles were at eye level.
莉茲下沉直到水漫到她的下巴，泡沫到了她眼睛的高度。
5.N-COUNTAlevelof a building is one of its different storeys, which is situated above or below other storeys. 層
例：Thurlow and Brown's rooms were on the second level, to the rear of the building.
瑟洛和布朗的房間都在大樓背面的第二層。
6.N-COUNT[美國英語]→seespirit level
7.ADJIf one thing islevelwithanother thing, it is at the same height as it. 與…等高的[v-link ADJ]
例：He leaned over the counter so his face was almost level with the boy's.
他俯在柜臺上，這樣他的臉幾乎和那男孩的臉一樣高。
8.ADJWhen something islevel, it is completely flat with no part higher than any other. 平坦的
例：The floor was level, but the ceiling sloped toward his head.
地面平平坦坦，但是天花板向他的頭部傾斜。
9.ADVIf you drawlevelwith someone or something, you get closer to them until you are by their side. 接近[ADV after v]
例：Just before we drew level with the gates, he slipped out of the jeep and disappeared.
就在我們快接近大門口時，他溜出吉普車不見了。
10.ADJLevelis also an adjective. 接近的[v-link ADJ]
例：He waited until they were level with the door before he pivoted around sharply and punched Graham hard.
他等他們接近門口時才一個急轉身用拳頭猛揍格雷厄姆。
11.V-TIf someone or something such as a violent stormlevelsa building or area of land, they destroy it completely or make it completely flat. 夷平
例：The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It levelled sugar plantations and destroyed homes.
這是本世紀襲擊夏威夷最猛烈的暴風雨。它夷平了甘蔗種植園，也摧毀了家園。
12.V-TIf an accusation or criticismislevelledatsomeone, they are accused of doing wrong or they are criticized for something they have done. (指責或批評) 針對
例：Allegations of corruption were levelled at him and his family.
對腐敗的指控是針對他和他的家人的。
13.a level playing field →seeplaying field
level the playing field ?創造公平競爭環境
level the paying field ?創造公平支付環境
shake up搖勻；重組；震動
startup
n.the act of setting in operation
"repeated shutdowns and startups are expensive"
the act of starting a new operation or practice
"the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes"
同義詞：inauguration
levelling the paying field
來源：levelling the playing ?field
Incommerce, a level playing field is a concept about fairness, not that eachplayer has an equal chance to succeed, but that they all play by the same setof rules. Ina game played on a playing field, such as rugby, one team would have an unfairadvantage if the field had a slope. Since some real-life playing fields do infact have slopes, it is customary for teams to swap ends of the playing fieldat half time.
Ametaphorical playing field is said to be level if no external interferenceaffects the ability of the players to compete fairly.
transaction
n.交易；事務；辦理；會報，學報
N-COUNT A transaction is a piece of
business, for example, an act of buying or selling something.
mortgage
vt.抵押
n.抵押；房屋抵押貸款
1.N-COUNT A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or savings and loan association in order to buya house.房屋 抵押貸款
2.V-T If you mortgage your house orland, you use it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them.抵押
predetermine
vt.預先確定；預先決定；預先查明
.V to determine beforehand預先決定
overdraw
vt.透支；拉過度；夸張 ? vi.透支；夸張
.V to draw on (a bank account) in
excess of the credit balance透支(銀行賬戶)
nudge（上篇文章重點單詞）
n.推動；用肘輕推；沒完沒了抱怨的人
vt.推進；用肘輕推；向…不停地嘮叨
vi.輕推；推進；嘮叨
1.V-T If you nudge someone, you push them gently, usually with your elbow, in order to draw their attention to something. (常用肘為引起注意)輕推
2.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun. (用肘)輕推
3.V-T If you nudge someone or something into a place or position, you gently push them there
.把…輕輕地推動
4.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun.輕輕的推動
5.V-T If you nudge someone into doing something, you gently persuade them to do it.好言說服
6.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun.說服
To date至今；迄今為止
dire
adj.可怕的；悲慘的；極端的
[比較級direr最高級direst ]
1.ADJ Dire is used to emphasize how serious or terrible a situation or event is.
嚴重的;可怕的強調
2.ADJ If you describe something as dire, you are emphasizing that it is of very low quality.
質量低劣的
in dire need of ? ?adv. ?急需
dire straits恐怖海峽（英國一樂隊）
retail banking ?零售銀行業務
Retail banking is when a bank executestransactions directly with consumers, rather than corporations or other banks.Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages,personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards.
unscathed
adj.未受傷的
If you are unscathed after a dangerous experience, you have not been injured or harmed by it.未受傷的;未受傷害的
mount
vt.增加；爬上；使騎上馬；安裝，架置；鑲嵌，嵌入；準備上演；成立（軍隊等）
vi.爬；增加；上升
n.山峰；底座；乘騎用馬；攀，登；運載工具；底座
v.登上；騎上
1.V-T If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.組織;發動
2.V-I If something mounts, it increases in intensity.增強
3.V-I If something mounts, it increases in quantity.增加
4.PHRASAL VERB To mount up means the same as to .增加
5.V-T If you mount the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform.登上
6.V-T If you mount a horse or motorcycle, you climb on to it so that you can ride it.騎上
7.V-T If you mount an object on something, you fix it there firmly.安裝
8.COMB in ADJ安裝在…上的–mounted
9.V-T If you mount an exhibition or display, you organize and present it.舉辦
10.N-IN-NAMES Mount is used as part of the name of a mountain. (冠于山名之前)山
例 .Mount Everest.…珠穆朗瑪峰。
11.N a backing, setting, or support onto which something is fixed (固定東西的)背板;底座;支架
conspicuously
adv.顯著地，明顯地；超群地，惹人注目地
in a manner that tending to attract attention
incumbent
adj.現任的；依靠的；負有職責的
n.在職者；現任者；領圣俸者
1.N-COUNT An incumbent is someone whoholds an official post at a particular time.在職者
2. ADJ Incumbent is also an adjective.在職的
3.ADJ If it is incumbent on or upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
有責任履行的
resilient
adj.彈回的，有彈力的
adj.能復原的；有復原力的
1. Something that is resilient is strong and not easily damaged by being hit, stretched, or squeezed.
有彈性的
同義詞：springy ?/ rubbery
2.N-UNCOUNT彈性resilience
3.ADJ People and things that are resilient are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging ?events.立即復原的
4.N-UNCOUNT ? 復原能力 ?resilience
cumbersome
adj.笨重的；累贅的；難處理的
1.ADJSomething that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to ?carry, wear, or handle.笨重的
2.ADJ A ?cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.不方便的;缺乏效率的
explicit
adj.明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的
1.ADJ ?Something that is explicit is expressed or shown clearly and openly, without ?any attempt to hide anything.明確表達的;公開顯露的
2.ADV明確表達地;公開顯露地 ? explicitly
3.ADJ ? If you are explicit about something, you speak about it very openly and ?clearly.直言不諱的
4.ADV直言不諱地explicitly ?
authentication
n.證明；鑒定；證實
user authentication用戶認證；用戶身分鑒定
authentication code標識代碼；鑒別代碼；認證碼
authentication and authorization鑒別與授權；驗證和授權
rock-bottom
adj.底層的；最低的
n.最低點
1.N-UNCOUNT If something has reached ?rock bottom, it is at such a low level that it cannot go any lower.最低谷
2.ADJ A rock-bottom price or level isa very low one, mainly in advertisements.底線的(價格、水平)表贊許
consultancy
n.咨詢公司；顧問工作
1.N-COUNT A consultancy is a companythat gives expert advice on a particular subject.咨詢公司
2.N-UNCOUNT Consultancy is expertadvice on a particular subject which a person or group is paid to provide to a
company or organization.咨詢
dump pipe 笨管道，啞管道
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
With regard to amobile network operator(MNO, oroperator), the term dumb pipe, ordumb network, refers to a network that is used simply to transfer bytes between the customer's device and theInternet, while being completely neutral with regard to the services and applications the customer accesses. The use of the term "dumb" refers to the fact that the network operator does not affect the customer's accessibility of the Internet such as by either limiting the available services or applications to its own proprietary portal (like awalled garden) or offer additional capabilities and services beyond simple connectivity (like asmart pipe, the term with which it contrasts). A dumb pipe primarily provides simple bandwidth and network speed.Among the commonly understood operational models for aMNOare the dumb pipe, thesmart pipe, and thewalled garden.
dump
vt.傾倒；傾卸；丟下，卸下；擺脫，扔棄；傾銷
vi.倒垃圾；突然跌倒或落下；卸貨；轉嫁（責任等）
n.垃圾場；倉庫；無秩序地累積
1. If you dump something somewhere, you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly.
2. If something is dumped somewhere, it is put or left there because it is no longer wanted or needed.
3.N-UNCOUNT傾倒;丟棄 ?dumping
4.To dump something such as an idea, policy, or practice means to stop supporting or using it.
拋棄(念頭、政策或慣例)
liability
n.責任；債務；傾向；可能性；不利因素
legitimate
adj.合法的；正當的；合理的；正統的
vt.使合法；認為正當（等于legitimize）
robust
adj.強健的；健康的；粗野的；粗魯的
1.Someone or something that is robust is very strong or healthy.健壯的
2.Robust views or opinions are strongly held and forcefully expressed.強有力的(觀點、見解)
water down在…中攙水沖淡；稀釋
1.PHRASAL
VERB If you water down a substance, such as food or drink, you add water to itto make it weaker.摻水稀釋
2.PHRASALVERB If something such as a proposal, speech, or statement is watered down, it is made much weaker and less forceful, or less likely to make people angry.降低聲調;緩和語氣
bare one's teeth露出兇相 張牙舞爪
invoice
n.賬單，發貨單，收款請求
vt.開發票；記清單
1.N-COUNT An invoice is a documentthat lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and
says how much money you owe for them.費用清單;發票
2.V-T If you invoice someone, you sendthem a bill for goods or services you have provided them with.給…開具發票
entrant
n.進入者；新會員；參加競賽者；新工作者
1.N-COUNT An entrant is a person whois taking part in a competition.參賽者
2.N-COUNT An entrant is a person orcompany who has recently become a member of an institution or market.新成員
Day 2 Logical lines & 神句神詞組
【神句】結合篤師講解
1. New European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
歐洲的支付新規可能會改組銀行
新出臺的歐洲支付法規有可能會給銀行業帶來巨大沖擊
Shake up 一般指帶來重大改變,Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.
(建議轉化為active儲備)
2. European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
歐洲將為立一系列分析交易的創新服務規則提供機會
歐洲法規將給交易分析相關的創新服務帶來更多機遇
to give someone new opportunities (sometimes + for ) The success of that film opened new doors for him. (sometimes + to ) Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
3. Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
顧客不再需要跟銀行打交道
客戶幾乎都不需要通過銀行。
如果這邊一定把interact翻成與銀行互動,就略顯死板了。大家都習慣了互聯網金融，那很多事情就不需要通過銀行啦~提醒大家雙向思考，當你要表達“不需要通過銀行”的時候，能否想起interact with the bank這么地道的用法呢？
4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
值得注意的是歐洲零售銀行業務在技術驅動干擾下毫發未損
技術帶來的變革對歐洲零售銀行業產生的影響微乎其微。
歐洲零售銀行業幾乎并沒有受到技術變革的影響。
兩句一個意思，第二句形式上更吻合原句，但第一句通過化被動為主動，突出了核心信息remarkably unscathed幾乎毫發無傷。所以，翻譯并沒有完美的答案，只能無限接近而已~
另外,disruption真的是時下太過火爆的熱詞，比較普遍的譯法是：顛覆。
Retail banking, also known as consumer banking, is the provision of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
金融網絡業務公司面臨挑戰，特別是北歐線上支付業務。但在歐洲其他地方發展更加受限。
互聯網金融公司已經開始發起挑戰，尤其是在北歐線上支付領域。但對歐洲其他地區的影響則要小得多。
我看到群里很多同學對mount a challenge表示不解，記住這個常見搭配，表達的意思就是發起挑戰，構成威脅。我要提醒大家的是最后那里的reach,用作名詞時候和influence一個意思,用來表達影響的范圍，簡短好用，建議化作積極儲備。
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而，監管部門已著手開始改變目前局勢
然而，監管部門即將改變這一現狀。
landscape原意是風景，景色，地貌，此處也是暗喻的用法，衍生為局面，局勢。
Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的選舉風波震動了歐洲政壇。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
銀行牢牢把控客戶信息并由此獲利
牢牢把控支付領域使得銀行輕而易舉就能賺錢。
lockhold難住了很多同學，這種用法很少見，大家作為被動詞匯即可。 lock鎖住， hold緊握，加在一起就是牢牢把控的意思，同樣需要大家聯想體會哦。倒是后面的handy這一形容詞值得重視，表示就在手邊，方便容易，唾手可得，聯想它的原形hand好好體會一下。
8. Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
對此的抵抗表現在數據保護擔憂方面，金融科技的支持者認為此類擔憂雖合理但只是銀行躲避競爭的好借口
抗拒源自對數據保護的擔憂，這是合情合理的。但互聯網金融的支持者們認為，這也是銀行抵制競爭的絕佳借口。
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
盡管顧客對銀行抱怨不停，他們仍選擇相信它并把錢存進去
盡管客戶怨聲載道，但他們依然更信任把錢放在銀行。
For all 表示盡管，雖然，等于despite. Eg. For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy to read.
【神詞組】
become overdrawn: 透支
nudge them to save more：促使他們節省
鼓勵他們增加儲蓄
have easy access to: 便于……
kick-start competition: 發動 引發 競爭
give explicit consent：明確同意
one-click bank transfer: 一鍵轉帳
low-value payments: 小額支付
tighten up security: 加強安全
guide them toward: ?引導他們…
rich data: 完善 豐富 的數據
leave them in a weaker position: 使他們處于下風 不利地位
robust data-protection system: 強大的數據保護系統
insured against losses from fraud: 投保以防欺詐造成的損失
perfect on paper: 看起來不錯
理論完美！暗示實際操作起來可能困難重重。
team up with: 與….合作
exploit newcomers’ technology: 利用后來者的技術
Day 3 ?總結
文章通過PSD2這個關鍵點來對兩大支付平臺--銀行和金融技術公司進行描述。首先對零售銀行業務未被psd2影響前的情況進行概述，然后對PSD2進行介紹，進而介紹其對銀行和金融公司的不同影響，最后也提及兩者對此如何應對。第一遍對文章掃詞整理時真是一個頭兩個大，本身不是學習經濟和金融領域的，只好在涉及一些專業名詞情況下多問度娘。對我這種不怎么了解金融方面的小白來說文章只看一遍是絕對看不透的，而且因為第一篇文章是用電腦進行的知識點和作業整理，這次我就選擇先寫在本子上，然后再整理到簡書，俗話說呀，好記性不如爛筆頭嘛，感覺最原始的方法可以記得更牢固扎實。在聽篤師語音講解對照自己的進行修改和整理的過程中感覺讀文章過程中的疑問都一步一步地掃清了，對題目的把握，文章脈絡的分析，整體內容的概括，講解得特別清晰。特別是lockhold這個詞困住我的時候（詞典和網上都找不到），篤師和其他同學的幫助讓我徹底理解了這個詞在文中的含義。
金融科技聽起來比較神秘，細說起來其實就在我們身邊。所謂金融科技是指企業運用科技手段提供更有效率的金融服務。手機銀行、保險公司甚至傳統的銀行，都能給客戶提供此類服務。便利化和智能化是金融科技公司的“賣點”。新金融科技公司的崛起有其必然性。隨著互聯網的普及，各種網上商業和社交活動不斷拓展，現代人越來越習慣在網上建立身份認證，使得在網上開展對交易隱私性具有較高要求的金融活動成為可能。較之傳統銀行，新金融科技公司有其獨特優勢。一是網絡商業與社交活動形成的海量數字信息，被許多網絡平臺收集，并據此對人們的行為模式和日常偏好進行分析，形成相對于傳統銀行的信息優勢；二是區塊鏈等新網絡技術為網絡金融活動提供了技術基礎，可大幅降低互聯網金融服務的成本，并顯著改善用戶體驗。
隨著以大數據、云計算等為代表的新興互聯網技術在金融領域的應用，行業也迎來了新一輪的金融科技革命。傳統金融機構應該加快轉型步伐，從內部管理和經營策略進行重要調整。在過去，傳統銀行或許還能將互聯網作為業務和渠道的補充，填補其服務的空白。但在未來，數字渠道將逐漸成為客戶的首選，競爭者將利用互聯網不斷推進資金端和資產端業務的創新，推動金融交易的全面互聯網化。因此，傳統銀行必須明確互聯網化轉型的戰略定位，完善互聯網交易型銀行的組織架構和資源整合。在“互聯網+”時代，各行各業間的邊界日漸模糊，所有的產品開發都將以客戶需求為中心，而所有的服務入口會進一步整合，金融服務將嵌入各類高頻交易場景，隨時隨地滿足客戶的資產和資金需求。因此，傳統銀行必須深化與各類渠道和場景的外部合作，積極展開同業合作和異業聯盟。未來，互聯網交易型銀行業務大量、高頻、碎片化的特點也對傳統銀行的IT戰略部署提出了更高的要求。而建立線上交易平臺和大數據動態風控體系所需要的技術支撐，對于銀行而言將是非常巨大的成本投入。為提高IT系統的靈活性和開放性，傳統銀行應使用基于云計算的服務實施其IT部署。另一方面，線上化的大數據風控的實現，也需要銀行加強與外部的數據和技術合作。金融科技革命的確讓銀行業陷入了動蕩。但不可否認的是銀行依舊擁有一些重要的優勢，只要它們能夠快速采取行動來應對新挑戰，它們就不會在重要的領域輕易被取而代之。
