原文鏈接：https://www.macrumors.com/2018/01/03/iphone-slow-downs-vs-shutdowns-faq/
非商業用途，僅翻譯供參考。
By now, you've probably seen headlines about Apple slowing down your iPhone, but it's not nearly as simple or corrupt as it sounds. In this Q&A, we've taken the time to explain exactly what's going on.
目前，到處都是蘋果降低iPhone運行速度的新聞，事實上并沒有那么簡單或惡意。我們在接下來的Q&A環節中，為您解釋究竟發生了什么。
Why is Apple slowing down some older iPhone models?
為什么蘋果降低一些老型號iPhone 的運行速度？
iPhones, like many other consumer electronics, are powered by lithium-ion batteries, which have a limited lifespan. As the battery in your iPhone ages, its ability to hold a charge slowly diminishes.
和其他消費類電子產品一樣， iPhone 也是由鋰離子電池進行供電，但是鋰離子電池的生命周期是有限的。隨著iPhone 的使用，電池的供電能力會緩慢下降。
A chemically aging battery can also have increased impedance, reducing its ability to provide a sudden burst of power when demanded by other components in an iPhone, such as the CPU and GPU. A battery's impedance will also temporarily increase when it has a low charge and/or in cold temperatures.
一個存在一定化學年齡的電池，其阻抗會逐漸增加，因此對應的快速為CPU 和G PU等其他部件提供電量的能力就會逐漸下降，同時，在低電量和低溫環境下，電池的阻抗也會暫時增加。
A battery with a high enough impedance may be unable to provide power quickly enough to the iPhone when needed, and Apple safeguards components against the drop in voltage by shutting down the device.
高阻抗的電池不能迅速的為iPhone 提供所需的電量，在低電壓環境下，保護對應的組件，iPhone將會自動關閉。
Apple recognized that iPhones unexpectedly shutting down on users is not a good experience, and starting with iOS 10.2.1, it quietly implemented a power management feature to prevent these shutdowns. The update was released in January 2017, and a month later, Apple said it saw a major reduction in shutdowns.
對于用戶來說，突然的自動關機不是一個好的用戶體驗。 因此，在2017年的1月發布了10.2.1的固件，該固件配備了新的電源管理策略以阻止次類自動關機。 一個月后，蘋果反饋自動關機現象明顯下降。
How does Apple's power management feature work?
電源管理是如何生效的？
Apple says it looks at a combination of an iPhone's internal temperature, battery percentage, and battery impedance, and only if a certain criteria is met, iOS will dynamically manage the maximum performance of some system components, such as the CPU and GPU, in order to prevent unexpected shutdowns.
蘋果表示：當手機的溫度，電池的電量，阻抗達到一定的標準時，iOS系統就會動態介入，確保CPU和GPU可以取得最大化的表現，而不是關機。
Does my iPhone have this feature if needed?
我的iPhone 是否有此功能？
Apple said the power management feature applies to iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, and iPhone SE models running iOS 10.2.1 or any newer software version. The feature was also expanded to iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus models running iOS 11.2 or any newer software version.
運行iOS 10.2.1及更新版本的 iPhone6 , 6Plus，6s，6sPlus，SE 均配備了此功能。
運行iOS 11.2 及更新版本的iPhone7 ，7Plus也具備此功能。
Any older iPhone models are currently not affected, including the iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5, iPhone 4s, iPhone 4, iPhone 3Gs, iPhone 3G, and the original iPhone, even though some of those models have also experienced shutdowns. The latest iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X are also currently not affected.
對于iPhone5s及以前的設備，即便出現了頻繁關機的問題，也不再配備此功能。 iPhone 8, 8Plus, X 不受此影響。
How do I know if my iPhone is being slowed down?
如何知道我的iPhone 是否變慢？
There are a few different ways in which you can determine if your iPhone is being slowed down temporarily:
有以下幾種不同的方法判斷你的iPhone是否暫時變慢：
Benchmark your iPhone: Download the Geekbench 4 app from the App Store and benchmark your iPhone. Each CPU workload models a real-world task or application. If your iPhone has noticeably lower scores compared to the averages, it could be due to Apple's power management feature artificially kicking in.
Benchmark your iPhone: 下載Geekbench 4 ，并測試你的iPhone. 每一個CPU 負責一個真實的任務或者應用。如果你的iPhone 得分明顯低于平均水平，很可能就是蘋果的電源管理策略主動介入了。
Use coconutBattery: Download, install, and open coconutBattery for Mac, connect your iPhone to your Mac with a Lightning to USB cable, and click on the iOS Device tab in the app. Here, you can view your iPhone's battery capacity, which if low suggests your device may be slowed down only when necessary.
使用COCONUTBattery: 在Mac上下載安裝 coconutBattery，然后用數據線連接你的電腦和手機，在手機上點擊此APP，然后就可以看到如下圖所示的信息。
- Wait for battery-related iOS update: Early in 2018, Apple has promised to release an iOS update with new features that give users more visibility into the health of their iPhone's battery, so they can see for themselves if its condition is affecting performance. This will likely be the easiest solution.
等待下一個版本的iOS 更新： 蘋果將在2018年初，推送一個iOS更新，用戶將可以看到電池的壽命信息，因此他們就可以自行看到是否影響了整體的性能。 這個將是最簡單的解決方案。
Will the iPhone 8 and iPhone X eventually be affected?
iPhone 8， X最終也會受影響嗎？
In a statement issued December 20, Apple said it "plans to add support for other products in the future," and by that definition, the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X could eventually be affected.
蘋果在12月20日的聲明中表示： 將來將會支持到更多的設備。也就是說，最終 iPhone8 ,8Plus, X都將收到此功能的影響。
In a support article titled iPhone Battery and Performance, published December 28, Apple toned down that language a bit and simply said "we will continue improving our power management feature in the future," so it's unclear if the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X may be eventually affected.
蘋果在12月28日發布的 iPhone 電池和性能 中著重強調了：我們將不斷改善我們的電源管理功能。
Apple expanded the feature to iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus models when iOS 11.2 was publicly released in December 2017, nearly one year after implementing the changes in the iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, and iPhone SE when iOS 10.2.1 was publicly released in January 2017.
2017年1月份，iOS 10.2.1發布時，針對iPhone6 到SE 之間的設備配備了此功能。差不多一年后，2017年的12月，iOS 11.2發布，為iPhone7, 7Plus也配備了此功能。
Is my iPhone slowed down all the time?
我的iPhone 會一直變慢嗎？
Apple is not permanently or persistently slowing down older iPhones. Even if your iPhone is affected, the performance limitations only happen intermittently, when the device is completing demanding tasks.
當手機需要完成指定的任務時，有限的性能下降情況才會出現，蘋果并沒有永久地或者持續低降低iPhone 運行速度。
The power management only occurs in spurts, when needed, and ensures a smoother distribution of system tasks, rather than larger, quick spikes of performance all at once, which was the root cause of shutdowns.
為了確保系統運行的流暢，電池管理功能只會在需要的時候出現，設備可以自行平衡負載，能夠更加順暢地分配各個系統任務，而不會同時出現較大幅度的性能飆升，那才是iPhone自動關機的關鍵。
A recent analysis of Geekbench 4 scores for iPhone 6s and iPhone 7 models running iOS 10.2, iOS 10.2.1, and iOS 11.2 visualized an apparent link between lower performance and aging batteries, but this is to be expected since iPhones are artificially pushed to their maximum performance in benchmark tests.
最近有一個關于搭載不同系統的6s ，7 的Geekbench 4得分的對比，可以明確性能與電池年齡之間的關系，但是這也是被測試最大性能時的表現得分。
How much is Apple slowing down my iPhone if and when it is?
如果電池管理功能介入時，iPhone的運行速度會下降多少？
Apple hasn't specified exactly how much it is slowing down older iPhones when necessary, but in extreme cases, it said users may notice effects such as longer app launch times, lower frame rates while scrolling, and slightly lower speaker volume. Cellular, GPS, and location services are always unaffected.
蘋果并沒有精確的說明運行速度下降的幅度，但是在極端情況下，用戶可以注意到更長的APP啟動時間，滑動時的低幀數，揚聲器音量的下降。 移動網絡功能，GPS，定位功能不會受影響。
An excerpt from Apple's iPhone and Battery Performance document:
In some cases, a user may not notice any differences in daily device performance. The level of perceived change depends on how much power management is required for a particular device.
iPhone的電池和性能一文中說明：在一些情況下，用戶可能沒有注意到日常設備性能的區別，是否能夠察覺，依賴于電池管理功能介入的多少。
In cases that require more extreme forms of this power management, the user may notice effects such as:
在更極端的電池管理功能的情況下，用戶可以注意到如下變化：
- Longer app launch times 更長的APP啟動時間。
- Lower frame rates while scrolling 滾動時的幀速率降低
- Backlight dimming (which can be overridden in Control Center) 背景光變慢
- Lower speaker volume by up to -3dB 揚聲器的音量最高下降3分貝
- Gradual frame rate reductions in some apps 部分應用逐漸降低的幀速率
- During the most extreme cases, the camera flash will be disabled as visible in the camera UI 最極端的情況下，閃光燈將會被禁止使用(相機UI中可以看到)
- Apps refreshing in background may require reloading upon launch 后臺刷新的應用可能需要重新載入。
Many key areas are not impacted by this power management feature. Some of these include:
電池管理功能不會影響以下關鍵區域
- Cellular call quality and networking throughput performance
通話質量和網絡的穩定性 - Captured photo and video quality 高質量的拍照和視頻錄制
- GPS performance Gps性能
- Location accuracy 定位準確性
- Sensors like gyroscope, accelerometer, barometer 陀螺儀、加速感應器和氣壓計等感應器
- Apple Pay 蘋果支付
Is there a way to disable the power management feature on my iPhone?
有沒有一種方法可以禁用iPhone的電池管理功能？
Not currently. The only way to avoid Apple's power management feature is to avoid installing iOS 10.2.1 or iOS 11.2 depending on which iPhone you have, although many customers have already updated by now, and it is no longer possible to downgrade to software versions earlier than iOS 11.2.
目前沒有，唯一的方法就是避免升級到10.2.1或者11.2，對于已經升級的用戶，已經無法降級到11.2之前的版本。
Is Apple purposefully slowing down my older iPhone?
蘋果是否故意降低我的運行速度？
For several years, there has been a conspiracy theory that Apple artificially slows down older iPhone models to incentivize a customer to upgrade to a newer, faster iPhone, and a wealth of misinformation and some sensational reporting about Apple's power management feature has only fueled that fire.
很多年來，一直存在這樣一個陰謀論：蘋果人工介入，降低老型號的iPhone運行速度，促使用戶升級到更新，更快的iPhone. 關于iPhone 電池管理功能的錯誤理解和一些聳人聽聞的報道，只是在火上澆油。
In a letter to customers, Apple said its power management feature is actually designed to extend the life of an older iPhone as much as possible, rather than having the device frustratingly shut down unexpectedly. In other words, Apple's intentions are actually quite the opposite of what some are accusing.
在對顧客的公開信中，蘋果表示，設計電池管理功能的初衷就是盡可能的延長舊款iPhone的使用壽命，而不是讓這些設備意外的關機。 換句話說，蘋果的目的和一些人的指責恰好相反。
Apple denied any kind of planned obsolescence by flat out stating that it never has and never would do anything to intentionally shorten the life of any Apple product, or degrade the user experience, to drive customer upgrades.
蘋果強烈表示：通過降低蘋果產品的壽命，或者降低用戶體驗，來促使用戶進行升級，這種事情我們過去沒有做過，將來也不會做。
We have never — and would never — do anything to intentionally shorten the life of any Apple product, or degrade the user experience to drive customer upgrades. Our goal has always been to create products that our customers love, and making iPhones last as long as possible is an important part of that.
Whether a customer chooses to believe Apple is his or her choice, but there is no evidence to suggest that Apple's power management feature is designed for any other purpose than to prevent iPhones from unexpectedly shutting down.
我們的目標是創造用戶喜愛的產品，讓iPhone 的生命周期足夠長。
消費者是否選擇相信蘋果是他/她自己的選擇，但是目前沒有證據表示：電源管理功能是為了其他目的而不是阻止意外關機。
Why did Apple apologize then?
為什么蘋果要道歉？
Apple apologized because it could have been much more transparent about the power management changes introduced in iOS 10.12.1. The feature was not mentioned in the update's release notes, and in a statement issued in February 2017, Apple vaguely mentioned "improvements" made to prevent unexpected shutdowns.
蘋果道歉的原因是：關于10.12.1 的電源管理功能已經如此人人皆知，但是卻沒有在更新說明中體現，只是在2017年2月的一份文件中表明：蘋果模糊地提到避免意外關機的改善。
From its letter to customers:
We've been hearing feedback from our customers about the way we handle performance for iPhones with older batteries and how we have communicated that process. We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize.
Given it didn't fully communicate the changes, some iPhone users with a suddenly slower device may not have realized that they could have simply replaced the battery to regain maximum performance consistently. As a result, some customers may have even unnecessarily purchased a brand new iPhone.
給顧客的信：
我們一直在聽取用戶關于我們處理舊款iPhone性能的反饋，以及如何溝通這個過程。我們知道，一些用戶感覺到蘋果讓你失望了，我們道歉。
由于沒有被提供足夠的信息，一些用戶沒有意識到換一塊電池就可以重新獲得iPhone的性能，在沒有必要的前提下，部分用戶購買了新的iPhone .
Are other Apple products affected: iPad, Mac, Apple TV?
蘋果的其他產品是否會有影響：iPad, Mac, Apple TV?
Apple said the power management feature only applies to select iPhone models listed above. There is currently no evidence to suggest the feature extends to other Apple devices, including any iPad, iPod, Mac, Apple Watch, or Apple TV.
蘋果表示電池管理功能僅對上面所述型號的iPhone有應用，目前并沒有證據表明這個功能已經被擴展到其他設備上。
Why is Apple in the headlines now when iOS 10.2.1 was released nearly a year ago?
為什么一年前發布的iOS 10.2.1 ,現在蘋果成為了頭條？
When iOS 10.2.1 was publicly released, the release notes vaguely mentioned that the software update contained general bug fixes and improvements.
當10.2.1發布時，升級說明中模糊地提到該升級包含bug修復和性能改善。
Likewise, when Apple released a statement claiming iOS 10.2.1 had resulted in a significant reduction of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6s shutdowns, it still only mentioned "improvements" were made to reduce occurrences of shutdowns.
同樣地，當蘋果宣布10.2.1 有效地降低了 iPhone 6 和6s 的自動關機的信息時，仍然只是提到了降低關機概率的性能改善。
Apple's statement in February 2017:
With iOS 10.2.1, Apple made improvements to reduce occurrences of unexpected shutdowns that a small number of users were experiencing with their iPhone. iOS 10.2.1 already has over 50% of active iOS devices upgraded and the diagnostic data we've received from upgraders shows that for this small percentage of users experiencing the issue, we're seeing a more than 80% reduction in iPhone 6s and over 70% reduction on iPhone 6 of devices unexpectedly shutting down.
It wasn't until December 2017, nearly one year after iOS 10.2.1 was released, that Apple revealed the software update includes a power management to "smooth out the instantaneous peaks only when needed" to prevent older iPhone models from unexpectedly shutting down.
通過iOS 10.2.1 ,蘋果作出了一些改進，降低了意外關機的次數，少部分用戶已經體驗到了此功能。 iOS 10.2.1已經有超過50%的設備激活安裝，通過參與測試的已經升級到10.2.1的用戶數據，我們發現6s用戶意外關機的頻率降低了80%，6用戶降低了70%。一直到2017年的12月，蘋果才對外披露：當初的升級中包含了電源管理功能。
Apple's statement in December 2017:
Our goal is to deliver the best experience for customers, which includes overall performance and prolonging the life of their devices. Lithium-ion batteries become less capable of supplying peak current demands when in cold conditions, have a low battery charge or as they age over time, which can result in the device unexpectedly shutting down to protect its electronic components.
我們的目標是為顧客帶來最好的體驗，包含性能表現和延長設備的使用壽命。當處于寒冷的環境下，低電量的環境下，或者電池化學年齡較久時，就會出現意外關機。
Last year we released a feature for iPhone 6, iPhone 6s and iPhone SE to smooth out the instantaneous peaks only when needed to prevent the device from unexpectedly shutting down during these conditions. We've now extended that feature to iPhone 7 with iOS 11.2, and plan to add support for other products in the future.
去年我們針對iphone6,6s,se發布了電源管理的功能，在特定的條件下將會啟用以避免意外關機，現在我們已經將此功能通過11.2 擴展到iPhone7 上，計劃在將來為其他的產品提供同樣的支持。
Apple's admission came a few weeks after a Reddit user claimed his own iPhone 6s' performance significantly increased after replacing the device's battery, which reignited the conspiracy theory about the company intentionally slowing down older iPhone models. Apple didn't help itself by remaining quiet.
一名叫做Reddit的用戶發布了更換電池后的6s性能差異，間接地證明了民間早已傳說的關于蘋果的陰謀論。蘋果當時保持了沉默，幾周后發表了如上的致歉信。
What are Apple's next steps?
蘋果的下一步是什么？
In its apology letter for its lack of communication, Apple outlined three steps it is taking to address customer concerns and to regain the trust of anyone who may have doubted the company's intentions.
對于缺乏溝通的那封道歉信中，蘋果采取三步行動，以打消顧客疑慮和重新獲得顧客的信任。
First, Apple has reduced the price of out-of-warranty iPhone battery replacements by $50 (from $79 to $29 in the United States) for any customer with an iPhone 6 or newer. The discount is available worldwide between now and the end of 2018, with prices varying based on local currencies.
第一，對于超出質保期的iPhone6及更新手機的用戶，更換電池的價格從79美金下降到29美金，這個折扣將持續到2018年底，價格隨各個地區的政策略有不同。
Next, early in 2018, Apple has promised to release an iOS update with new features that give users more visibility into the health of their iPhone's battery, so they can see for themselves if its condition is affecting performance.
第二，2018年早期，蘋果承諾發布更新，用戶可以自行看到電池的壽命情況，因此當前的條件是否會影響iPhone的性能。
How do I get my iPhone battery replaced?
如何更換電池？
Depending on your location, you can receive a battery replacement by sending in your iPhone or scheduling a Genius Bar appointment.
根據你所在的問題，你可以快遞你的手機或者預約天才吧進行處理。
To get started, visit the Contact Apple Support page, click on See Your Products, sign in to your Apple ID account, select which iPhone, and click on Battery, Power, and Charging and then Battery Replacement.
首先，訪問蘋果支持頁面，點擊產品類型，登陸你的賬號，選擇哪一款iPhone, 點擊電池，電源與充電，然后選擇更換服務。
After completing the above steps, you should have options available to you to bring in your iPhone to an Apple Store or Apple Authorized Service Provider, mail the device to an Apple Repair Center, or both.
完成以上步驟后，你應該可以可以看到如下選項： 帶著你的iPhone到蘋果店鋪或者授權服務商，快遞你的手機到授權服務中心。
Does my iPhone battery have to fail a diagnostic test to qualify for a reduced-price battery replacement?
如果我的電池無法進行診斷測試，如何進行電池更換？
Apple distributed a memo to Apple Stores and Apple Authorized Service Providers, obtained by MacRumors, that states customers with an iPhone 6 or newer can request a $29 replacement battery "regardless of diagnostic result."
據蘋果傳言網稱，蘋果已經給直營店面和授權服務商提供了對應的備忘錄： 無需診斷測試結果，iPhone6 及更新的手機用戶均可以參加29美金的電池更換服務。
If a customer is requesting a free battery replacement under the terms of Apple's limited one-year warranty, however, the battery must fail the diagnostic test, meaning it has lower than 80 percent capacity with fewer than 500 full charge cycles.
對于在1年質保期內的用戶，如果想免費更換電池，需要達到如下條件： 無法通過診斷測試，也就是說電量低于80%，循環次數少于500.
I already paid to have my iPhone battery replaced recently. Am I eligible for a partial refund?
近期我已經付費更換了電池，是否有資格進行部分退還？
Apple distributed a memo to Apple Stores and Apple Authorized Service Providers, obtained by MacRumors, that states customers may be eligible for a refund if they paid for a battery repair or replacement at a higher price.
據蘋果傳言網稱，蘋果已經給直營店面和授權服務商提供了對應的備忘錄：如果顧客付費維修了電池或者以更高的價格更換了電池，可以享受退還。
In other words, if you paid Apple's standard $79 out-of-warranty fee to replace the battery in your iPhone 6 or newer, you should contact Apple Support or visit an Apple Store to inquire about a partial refund.
換句話說，對于超出了質保期的iPhone6 及更新手機的用戶，如果花費了79美金更換電池，你應該聯系蘋果支持或者前往店鋪詢問部分返還。
We've heard that Apple may only honor refunds for full-price battery replacements initiated on or after December 14, and there may be other requirements, so your mileage may vary. We recommend contacting Apple Support for more details.
據消息稱，蘋果只針對12月14日或者以后的日子全價更換電池的用戶進行補償，也許還有其他一些隨區域不同的需求。我們推薦你聯系蘋果支持獲得更多細節。
