本期導(dǎo)讀：
新托福閱讀題型完全解讀之推理題
?今天要聊的是新托福閱讀中的一道推理題。這類題目要求考生根據(jù)原文信息進(jìn)行合理推測。其中，難點(diǎn)在于確定推理對(duì)象與原文信息的關(guān)系以便進(jìn)行正向推理或負(fù)向推理。
讓我們一起來看看學(xué)生們經(jīng)常錯(cuò)的這道題TPO22 R2 Q1：
1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?
A) Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.
B) Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.
C) Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.
D) Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.
【Paragraph 1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.
【Paragraph 2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.
［題目解析］
此題根據(jù)題干定位到P1S3: “The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid-and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography- as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to”。這些現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和自然主義畫家認(rèn)為攝影術(shù)是一門可以為他們所用，從中有所借鑒并且不能被忽視的技術(shù)。到第二段中說到針孔照相機(jī)“the camera obscura"，它被地貌風(fēng)景畫家“topographical artists”使用，接著提到達(dá)蓋爾照相法“daguerreotype”，它解決了無法永久保存這些圖像的問題。這些都表明這一技術(shù)會(huì)被運(yùn)用，并對(duì)畫家們?cè)斐捎绊?。所以選C。
選項(xiàng)A中的photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality與第一段的“Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of nineteenth century.”矛盾。
選項(xiàng)B中的 “the camera obscura”和 “the daguerreotype”在第二段中提到，但兩者之間并未作比較。
選項(xiàng)D中的“Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to”與第一段第二句中的“though not always in the ways one might have expected”矛盾。
通過這個(gè)題目可看出，做這種題型的時(shí)候，先應(yīng)該明確推理對(duì)象，再定位原文，理清推理對(duì)象與原文信息的關(guān)系，據(jù)此作出合理推測并選出相應(yīng)的答案。避免與原文相互矛盾或無中生有的選項(xiàng)。
