寫(xiě)于2015年8月2日。
背景：Palm是流行的掌上電腦（PDA）的一種，由Palm公司發(fā)明，這種PDA上的操作系統(tǒng)也稱(chēng)為Palm，有時(shí)又稱(chēng)為Palm OS。
Zen of Palm(提取碼gngd)包含四個(gè)部分鏈接：
Design Philosophies設(shè)計(jì)哲學(xué)
Design Practices設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐
Design Validation 設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證
Design Improvements設(shè)計(jì)完善
每部分都以謎語(yǔ)的形式引出話(huà)題，繼而深入討論，得出結(jié)論。
一、Design Philosophies設(shè)計(jì)哲學(xué)
謎語(yǔ)1：大猩猩怎么學(xué)會(huì)飛？
提示：你需要了解大猩猩的本質(zhì)。
思考大猩猩和老鷹的區(qū)別。然后思考Handheld(后面用HH代替)和PC的區(qū)別。不僅僅是大小，而是使用模式和暗含的東西。
PC的本質(zhì) VS?HH本質(zhì)
More?features are?better 越多功能越好(PC)
Handhelds?excel at?perceived?speed.(HH)
Too many?features?frustrate?customers.
太多的功能會(huì)困擾用戶(hù)。只需要提供用戶(hù)需要的功能，確保這些功能能夠快速上手和易用。
A handheld?must be free to?roam about.
做功能時(shí)，考慮性能、耗電量和電池壽命。
Handhelds must be wearable.
輕便、易于攜帶。
Handhelds are about the user.
更側(cè)重與用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)。
Inverse Usage Patterns 相反的使用模式
Handhelds are?used frequently?but briefly. Handhelds使用頻繁，且簡(jiǎn)潔。
人們的使用更加頻繁、突發(fā)性的，更像是一瞥。
PC跟HH不同的使用模式對(duì)比圖
Different Design Approaches 不同的設(shè)計(jì)方法
PC 越多功能越好
HH 少而精的功能，幫助用戶(hù)get the job done
所以，謎語(yǔ)1的答案是：只有變成老鷹才能飛。
二、Design Practices 設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐
謎語(yǔ)2：如何將一座山放入一個(gè)杯子里？
提示：思考為什么要將一座山放到杯子里呢？
more-is-better PC midset VS less-is-more thinking
特征的平衡
? Pocket size
? Fast response
? Easy to use
? Low cost and high value
? Worry-free battery life
??Seamless connection with PCs
三、Design Validation設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證
1. Focus on benefits to users
關(guān)鍵特征的羅列是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)給用戶(hù)帶來(lái)的好處，而不是為了展示這些技術(shù)上的特征。如500HZ、128MB、12GB聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像很給力，但是實(shí)際上能給用戶(hù)帶來(lái)什么并不清晰。
Palm就羅列了用戶(hù)能獲得的好處和帶來(lái)這些好處的技術(shù) 。
2. 所謂天堂：最甜蜜的點(diǎn)
Balance?features with?the user?experience
平衡特征和用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)
Added features?must improve?the user?experience.?增加功能必須基于提升用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)。
每當(dāng)要增加新功能的時(shí)候，問(wèn)2個(gè)問(wèn)題：
用戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度有提升嗎？
會(huì)引起用戶(hù)困惑？帶來(lái)硬件資源損耗么？
尋求平衡的一個(gè)方法是：
（pragmatic innovation）
? Identify the problems
? Find the simplest solution to each problem
? Get rid of everything else.
技術(shù)若不能使用戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意，那說(shuō)明還未成熟。
先定位用戶(hù)實(shí)際的需求，再去尋求務(wù)實(shí)的創(chuàng)新。
Find the real?problems?behind what?customers ask?for.找到用戶(hù)聲音背后的真正問(wèn)題。
Don’t be afraid?to respond to?an answer with?more?questions. 不要害怕對(duì)一個(gè)答案提更多的問(wèn)題。
顧客并不清楚技術(shù)的限制和可能帶來(lái)的后果。如果有一個(gè)功能列表，那么每個(gè)功能都過(guò)下，思考為什么需要這個(gè)功能。
3. Ignore?conventional?wisdom 忽略傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)
When you ignore convention, you must be ready to stand your ground. If your design is good and you have tested it with users to?confirm that it works, then don’t let other people talk you out of it.Listen to?qualified critics who make comments based on thoughtful?observation.If they don’t understand your design, try to learn why?not and eliminate any sources of confusion. But watch out for?people who are uncomfortable simply because your idea does not?conform to conventional design. These people will confuse you and?pull you back to where they are—conventionality.
4. The 80/20 Rule 二八原則
專(zhuān)注于用戶(hù)80%的時(shí)間會(huì)做的事情，忽略其他20%。關(guān)注大部分用戶(hù)會(huì)做的事，不要因?yàn)橐恍┻吘壈咐黾訌?fù)雜度。記住你和你的同事并非”大多數(shù)人“。
Focus?on what users do 80 percent of the timeand try to ignore the other?20 percent. Accommodate what most people need to do, but don’t?add complexity just to address fringe cases.Keep in mind that you?and most of your coworkers are not “most people.”You use?technology intensively, so you probably shouldn’t apply the 80/20?rule to your own activities. Apply the rule to what typical users do.
5. Scaling the Problems 縮小問(wèn)題范圍
Start with nothing, and add only essentials—one by one.
案例：記事本，只為紀(jì)事，一次只有一種字體，純文字，無(wú)圖表。適用于小屏幕、低容量、不易于輸入的設(shè)備。放棄PC上類(lèi)似于word處理的功能。
Decompose a?large PC?application into?multiple?handheld?applications.
6. Sharing the Work
PC和HH可以協(xié)作。笨重的工作就交給PC吧。
Solutions—not Features
The right approach is to figure out how your application can?accomplish precisely what the user needs to do. Look for solutions?that are fast and easy to use. Try to delight the user.
7. Minimize?clutter 減少混亂
減少功能，整理屏幕格局。增加易用性。
Reduce the?step count for?common tasks 日常操作，步奏簡(jiǎn)化
Conceal risky?functions 隱藏有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的操作（防止數(shù)據(jù)的誤刪除）
Include power?features?discreetly 謹(jǐn)慎添加高級(jí)功能（不能影響新手的使用。高級(jí)功能入口無(wú)需明顯，高級(jí)用戶(hù)自會(huì)去發(fā)掘。）
8. Intuitive 直覺(jué)
用戶(hù)易上手、易用，界面要與內(nèi)置的app風(fēng)格一致。
Stick to the?user interface?guidelines 遵循用戶(hù)界面規(guī)則。
利用用戶(hù)對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)界面已有的了解，若我們的設(shè)計(jì)基于同樣的規(guī)范，則用戶(hù)學(xué)習(xí)成本大大減少。
9. Easy to Remember 易于記住
操作讓人易于記住。
謎語(yǔ)2的解決方法：找到大山里面的鉆石（拋棄石頭和泥土），放入杯中。
Make the product useful and elegant: minimize clutter, reduce the step count for common tasks, conceal risky?functions, and include power features discreetly.?Scale your product for the handheld world. Let a companion PC?application do the heavy work. Use the 80/20 rule to hone in on the?most frequently used features and jettison the rest.
四、Design Improvements設(shè)計(jì)完善
謎語(yǔ)3：鐵匠如何打造完美的馬蹄鐵？
提示：什么是更加完美的組合？
1. Stretching the Sweet Spot 延長(zhǎng)甜蜜點(diǎn)
Pragmatic innovation lets you shift the curve and make the sweet?spot larger over time.
2. Add features?creatively
The feature must?be added creatively and elegantly or the user experience?deteriorates and the product moves out of the sweet spot.
3. Discovering New Features
4. Study other?products
謎語(yǔ)4答案：完美是一個(gè)平衡的藝術(shù)。改變環(huán)境后，你要重新調(diào)整這個(gè)平衡。
In technology, perfection is strictly for the moment.Your “perfect”?solution balances available technologies, costs, market forces, and?user expectations.Whenever the surrounding forces shift, your?balancing act needs to be re-balanced. Put another way:“perfection” is dynamic, not static.
