致高階英語學習者:高級的語法長什么樣?(二)

(建議閱讀時間:10分鐘)

(提示:所有例句均來自于劍橋出品的 English grammar profile 語料庫,可以放心閱讀)

如果你曾經的語法基礎很扎實,倒裝,虛擬語氣信手拈來,且已經不滿足于僅僅是句式準確,希望參加考試的時候能寫出更加高級,更加地道的句子,那么走過路過,不要錯過這篇文章。

如果有時候你有這樣的困惑:閱讀文章的時候單詞量和語法都沒有任何問題,但是一旦到寫作的時候,明明想表達一個意思,卻又找不到合適的表達,那么走過路過,不要錯過這篇文章。

內容會分為5個部分,根據想要達成的不同目的,分為如何1. 強調 2. 添加細節 3. 表達感情色彩 4. 寫得更加簡潔 5. 更加簡潔,并分成5篇來寫作。

本文為該系列的第二篇,主要介紹第2、3部分


二、添加細節

中文里面,我們總是會使用各種言辭來表示程度,比如,“你美”;“你帥得不要不要的!”英文也是一樣的,這個時候,我們是用very much來修飾還是用別的更加高級的詞組來修飾,就已經很大程度上能顯示出我們的英語水平了。比如,其實我們可以使用(1) not that much 修飾形容詞比較級,表示程度較小,例句:

Although she is not that much older than I am, one could think there were quite a few years between us.

也可以(2)用別的副詞來修飾副詞

Many politicians and owners of big?enterprises have been able for a long time to work almost exclusively for?their own interests.

It was so completely in harmony with the sun, the sea, the sand, the?summer, I decided instantly that was the kind of thing I would like to keep?and collect.


為了讓讀者在閱讀時產生畫面感和看到細節,更加有身臨其境的感覺,可以使用 (10)this

It's a story where there's this old man who makes a marionette that comes?to life.

[talking about two characters in a story]There's this flame of passion between them.


有時候你作為作者,希望談一下自己對這個事件的態度,但又不希望這個句子過于松散,怎么辦呢?也很簡單,可以(3)在句中添加一個簡單的副詞來表達態度,如:

He came out from school at the age of 16, and joined the "Universidad xxx" - the best one in Chile, supposedly- to study Economics.

He was quite nice to me, surprisingly and he told him that he would do his?best but that the music was not too loud.


想要進一步補充說明這個形容詞夸張到了什么程度,可以使用 as adj. as /? so adj. that 結構的用法,但是更加高階的玩法是下圖這樣的

(4) as adj. +n. / so adj. + n. that

你可能會說 The number of students is not as large as that of guests. 但是你是否會說:

Because our debates do not draw as large a number of students as the guest appearances, but are still enjoyed by a relevant number of students, we propose a change of focus for the events.

It was such a riddle that I went and saw my psycho-analyst, who revealed to?me that I once had so strong a shock that I was now walking and hiding my money in my sleep.


最后,當我們希望給某個結論添加理由的時候,往往用詞就是 because,然而事實上,(5) in that?也可以作為一個從句的連接詞,在其后給出深入的理由,通常用于正式文本中,如:

Nowadays it is widely argued that?professional sports are damaging to people's health in that they involve?gruelling training sessions as an integral part of the occupation.

It's often said that nowadays people must be proud of medical advances, in that life is getting considerably longer.


三、表達情感

在表達情感時,英語往往也有一些特殊的表達:

表示正面贊美的情緒時,可以使用 (6)this + n. + of + theirs/his/hers

What is more, not only is this rare talent of theirs used for public pleasure but also for international sports success, which makes us all proud.

This characteristic of his is shown in every situation of his life. ?


有時候,我們也想嘲諷一下前男友或者前女友,說“你就和那個小三去過一輩子吧!”英文中也有類似的表達 (7)that + n. + of + his/hers/theirs/yours... 表達幽默或者諷刺某事物

I kept silent when I was introduced to that new girlfriend of his.

You can park that precious jeep of yours.


同樣表示反感的,還有(8)would hate to do 例句:?

I am very much aware of my parents' mistakes and would hate to make the same ones.

We in the student committee would hate?to see all that space go to waste.


如果表示否定的意味不高,可以在形容詞比較級中使用 (9)no/not any + adj. 來表示“其實并不…”這層意味,例句:

That is why we are not any happier than you were.

I will probably find the water to be no higher than my thighs.


(10) that/those也可以用來傳達情緒,為了表達否定

I also told her that if I had been in her shoes, I would not have put up with that sort of behaviour.

Nowadays, celebrities, like pop stars or football players, are often?worshipped by hysterical crowds of fans who can't see through the mask that those so-called heroes make up to sell the product that they are.


當然,如果只是為了表達這其實是個人觀點,可以使用 (11) as for myself,如:

As for myself, as you can clearly see?from my account of this musical event, music still means an awful lot to me,?and most probably always will.

As for myself I like taking responsibilities.


最后一種情況,如果想表達一種出乎意料的感覺,可以用 (12) and yet 增加一個新的句子來引入對比,有時會用于正式語境。

I felt very embarrassed and I was sure I would get the sack. And yet the?manager forgave me and I continued to work there.

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