Words and Word groups
1.Predetermined
2.Nudge sb to do sth 推動某人做某事
ie：Apps?could warn accountholders if they spend?more than a predetermined amount or are?about to become overdrawn, or even?nudge them to save more.
3.dire
4.European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed (未受傷的) by technology-driven disruption.
5.Financial-technology（"fintech"）company經濟科技型公司？
6.mount a challenge
7.conspicuous?/k?n?sp?k.ju.?s/
?very?noticeable?or?attracting?attention, often in a way that is not?wanted
顯眼的；醒目的；顯著的
In?China, her?blonde?hair?was conspicuous.在中國，她的金發十分惹眼。
He?tried?not to?look?conspicuous and?moved?slowly?along the back of the?room.他盡量不使自己顯眼，沿著房間后部慢慢移動。
?北歐著名在線支付公司：Sofort、iDEAL（在德國及Netherlands荷蘭占市場份額較多）
8.incumbent
1）adjective?UK?/?n?k?m.b?nt/US?/?n?k?m.b?nt/
?[before noun]officially?having the?named?position
現任的；在職的
The incumbent?president?faces?problems?which?began?many?years?before he took?office. 現任總統面臨著他上任前很多年就已開始出現的種種問題。
be incumbent on/uponsbformal
（某人）義不容辭；（某人）必須履行
She?felt?it incumbent upon/on her to?raise?the?subject?at?their?meeting.她感到她有義務在他們的會上提出這個問題。
2.noun UK?/?n?k?m.b?nt/US?/?n?k?m.b?nt/
?the?person?who has or had a?particular?official?position
現任者，在職者
the first/last/previous?incumbent第一任／上一任／前任
The?present?incumbent (of the?post) is?due?to?retire?next?month.（此職位的）現任者將于下個月退休。
9.be proved soresilient( ⊙o⊙?）
10.customer-transaction information顧客交易信息
11.cumbersome
笨重的、累贅的、低效的
awkward?because of being?large,?heavy, or not?effective
ie：It is often either?cumbersome or insecure for customers to?share their own information.
12.Goverments are about to transform the landscapes.
13.Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2)
due to be implemented?by EU members in January 2018,
14.kick-start competition挑起競爭
?kick-start vt. 以下踢或下壓動作來使機器發動；以額外的努力或行為來開始一種事業或程序
n. (比喻)(促進事務開始或重新開始的）強勁推動力
Taxes were drastically?cut?in an?attempt?to kick-start the?economy.進行了大幅減稅以刺激經濟增長
15.Provided that...假如...
Provided the?customer has given explicit consent, banks?will be forced to share customer-account?information with licensed financial-services?providers.
16.be integrated into sth?
ie: They could become more?integrated into the internet-browsing??experience——enabling, for example, one-click?bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
17.sophisticated
UK?/s??f?s.t?.ke?.t?d/US?/s??f?s.t?.ke?.t??d/
1. having a good?understanding?of the way?people?be have?and/or a good?knowledge?of?culture?and?fashion
精于世故的，老練的；見多識廣的；很有品位的
ie:Those with limited credit histories?may find it easier to borrow, too,?since richer transaction data should mean?more sophisticated credit checks.
2.?intelligentor made in a?complicated?way and?therefore?able?to do?complicated?tasks?
精密的，復雜的；高級的
I?think?a more sophisticated?approach?is?needed?to?solve?this?problem.
18.Profitability盈利能力?is already threatened?by rock-bottom最低點的?interest rates.
19.Deloitte德勤 pwc普華永道 consultancy咨詢公司
20.they fear become the "dumb pipes垃圾管道( ⊙o⊙?)"of the financial sysytem.
銀行害怕這個行業新規使其純粹成為金融系統內的數據媒介。銀行擁有大量客戶交易和信貸數據，如果其他公司也可以獲得這些數據從而挖挖掘客戶需求并提供結算功能，那銀行就是dump pipe了。支付寶可以從純粹支付工具到支撐起螞蟻金服，就是通過淘寶等沉淀了客戶大量交易數據。大概就是這個背景邏輯。
是通信業術語，可以查下Wikipedia,上面有個例子，說iphone出來以后，用戶直接通過safari上網，通過ITunes store下載音樂鈴聲，這就侵蝕了AT&T之類傳統運營商的業務（類似我國移動聯通公司）。運營商不再直接向用戶提供鈴聲下載之類的服務，而只是提供網絡鏈接，也就是終端設備（手機）和應用（各種App鈴聲音樂等）均與運營商無關了，只充當中間的一個管道，提供網絡鏈接，俗稱dumb pipe.文中的銀行也擔心會迎來運營商類似的命運～～
pipe就是具體業務和利潤都可能被fintech搶占，銀行就好像管道，只負責提供基本數據，但服務利潤都被fintech搶了，目前還只是擔心階段。
21.leave them in a?weaker position
22.voiced concerns about security and?liability
23.legitmate合法的
24.fraud騙子
25.perfect on paper
26.water the rules
27. Several incumbents are already?adapting to the reality of the fintech challenge?through partnershipsand purchases.
Santander’s British arm,?
Translation exercise
1.New European payments regulation has the potential toshake up the banks.
歐洲行支付調控措施的出臺很有可能動搖銀行的地位。
2.European rules will open the door toa host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
歐洲新規將為分析交易信息的創新服務提供便利。
3.Customers?need barely ever interact with their bank.
顧客們幾乎無需和銀行打交道
4.European?retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
創新產業至今并未歐洲零售銀行業務造成顯著威脅。
5.Fintech?companies are beginning tomount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern?Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
經濟科技公司開始對傳統歐洲零售銀行業造成威脅，尤其是北歐的在線支付業務。然而它們在歐洲其他地區的影響力仍然十分有限。
6.Regulators,however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而當局者急降改變這一局面。
7.Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
銀行對支付業務的牢牢把控使其獲利頗豐。
8.Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection.Suchconcerns are legitimatebut also, argue fintech supporters,offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
其阻力主要來源于對信息安全的擔憂。但與此同時，經濟技術創新的支持者們也表示，這些雖然合法，卻為銀行的壟斷經營提供了借口。
9.Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
雖然牢騷不斷，但是人們在財務管理方面仍然最信任銀行。
become overdrawn:
出現透支
nudge them to save more
督促其節省更多
have easy access to:
輕易做…
kick-start competition:
挑起競爭
give explicit consent
明確贊成
one-click bank transfer:
一鍵轉賬
low-value payments:
低面額消費
tighten up security:
加強安全保障
guide them toward:
引導…做…
rich data:
豐富的信息
leave them in a weaker position:
使…居于劣勢
robust data-protection system:
強勁的信息保護(⊙o⊙?)系統
insured against losses from fraud:
保證免受詐欺造成的經濟損失(⊙o⊙?)
perfect on paper:
計劃很美好
team up with:
與…抱團
exploit newcomers technology:
拓展新興技術
