文/普通的馬兒
在《星火英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法全解》中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的定義是：在表示虛假的、與事實(shí)相反的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況時(shí)；表示主觀愿望或表示某種強(qiáng)烈情感時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
一、真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（說(shuō)話者不確定是否與事實(shí)相符）
If I have enough money,I will go to the zoo with you.
如果我有足夠的錢(qián)，我會(huì)和你一起去動(dòng)物園的。（說(shuō)話者不確定錢(qián)夠不夠，“我得數(shù)一數(shù)錢(qián)是否足夠，如果夠我就去。”）
If we get caught,we will be expelled.
如果我們被抓到，我們會(huì)被開(kāi)除。（會(huì)不會(huì)被抓到并不知道）
二、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If I were a bird, I would fly.
如果我是只鳥(niǎo)，我一定能飛。
If I had enough money,I would first of all buy myself a computer.
如果我有足夠的錢(qián)，我首先為自己買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦。
If there were no clouds,we should not enjoy the sun.
如果沒(méi)有陰云密布，我們就不會(huì)享受陽(yáng)光。
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：If引導(dǎo)的條件從句中的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were），主句動(dòng)詞為“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
I would have told you yesterday if you had been here.
如果你當(dāng)時(shí)在這兒的話，我昨天就告訴你了。
If ?you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final examination.
如果你當(dāng)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，就會(huì)輕松通過(guò)期末考試的。
If we had had enough rain last year,we could have gained a good harvest.
如果去年雨水充足的話，我們可能會(huì)有一個(gè)好收成。
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:If引導(dǎo)的條件從句中的動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞”。
3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If I should see/were to see/saw him tomorrow,I would invite him home.
如果明天見(jiàn)到他，我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他到我家。（事實(shí)是明天我見(jiàn)不到他）
If it should be/were fine tomorrow,I would go on a trip.
如果明天天氣好的話，我要去旅游。（事實(shí)是明天天氣無(wú)法好起來(lái)）
This printer is of good quality.If it should break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果一年內(nèi)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，我們將免費(fèi)維修。
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：If引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)可用“動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、should+動(dòng)詞原形、were to+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
從句中的should表示的可能性最大，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性最小。
主句中的would表示必然的結(jié)果，could表示能夠，might表示可能的結(jié)果。
三、非真實(shí)條件句省略If的情況
If I had worked hard,I would have surely successed.=
Had I worked hard,I would have surely succeed.
如果我當(dāng)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我肯定會(huì)成功的。
If time were to go back,I would study double hard.=
were time to go back,I would study double hard.
如果時(shí)光能倒流，我會(huì)加倍努力。
If she should be my daughter,I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.=
Should she be my daughter,I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
如果她是我的女兒，我就不讓她出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)了。
當(dāng)非真實(shí)條件句中有should,had,were時(shí)，可以省if,而把should,had,were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝。
四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用句式
Were it not for you help,I would never be a good manager.
要不是你的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)也成不了好經(jīng)理。
Had it not been for you,I would have lost my way.
當(dāng)時(shí)要不是你，我就迷路了。
Were it not for...“如果要不是……”，Had it not been for...“當(dāng)時(shí)要不是……”兩者均是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常用句式。
更多虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)，請(qǐng)參考原著。
作者：普通的馬兒 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師，喜歡研究各種學(xué)習(xí)方法，喜歡閱讀小說(shuō)，總想寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么的待產(chǎn)孕媽。
計(jì)劃每日寫(xiě)一篇文章，每日復(fù)習(xí)新學(xué)英語(yǔ)單詞200個(gè)，每周學(xué)一首英文歌。
