TE20160917/Books&ArtP90/Patricians of parchment
祝大家新年快樂
目錄
Medieval ? ? ?[?midi?iv?l] adj,中世紀的
1. Medieval manuscripts 中世紀手稿
2. The house is a textbook example of medieval domestic architecture. 這所房子是典型的中世紀民居。
3. The East Window is a wonder of medieval glazing. 東窗是中世紀玻璃安裝工藝的奇跡。
Manuscript ?[?m?nj??skr?pt]，n.手稿； 原稿； 底稿；手寫本adj.手寫的，手抄的
1. The second was one of the most famous manuscripts ever made: a prayer book for a medieval queen that had fetched a record-breaking price at Sotheby’s in London in 1919.
2. A manuscript is an old document that was written by hand before printing was invented.
3. The finished manuscript ran to the best part of fifty double-sided pages. 完成的手稿占了雙面都寫滿字的足足50頁紙。
Troops ?[t'rups] ? n.軍隊
1. ON MAY 4th 1945, when Allied troops（盟軍部隊）entered Adolf Hitler’s（阿道夫·希特勒）mountain retreat（v.n撤退） in the Bavarian Alps（[德國]拜恩阿爾卑斯山）, they discovered devastation（n.毀壞；荒廢）-and some very valuable arts.
2. There were reports of troop movements. 有報道稱將要調動軍隊
3. Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November. 去年11月，軍隊被派往這些島嶼以恢復秩序。
Improvised ?[?mpr?'va?zd] adj.臨時的
1.Later, American troops would display a selection under an improvised sign reading:“The Hermann Goering（希特勒麾下元帥） Art Collection:Through Courtesy（[?k?rt?si]） of the 101st Airborne（[?erb?rn]） Division（空降師）”.[PREP-PHRASE (用來表示感謝)承蒙…的好意，蒙…提供If something is provided courtesy of someone or by courtesy of someone, they provide it. You often use this expression in order to thank them]
2.He improvised a song about the football team's victory. 他即席創作了一首足球隊勝利之歌.
3.The vet had improvised a harness... 獸醫臨時湊成了一副馬具。
Squarish ? ? ?[?skwer??] ? ? ? adj.近似方形的，呈方形的；
1.Among the Rembrandts(荷蘭畫家倫勃朗) and Renoirs(雷諾瓦), few paid much attention to two small, dull, squarish objects.
2.Her face is bloated and squarish. 她的臉浮腫成方形了
Trod ? ? ?[tr?d] ? ? ?v.踩，踏( tread [tr?d]的過去式 )- trodden [? tr?dn]
1.A French officer trod on one, thinking it was a brick（磚）; another was scooped up by an army doctor.
2.Every day he trod the same path through the woods. 他每天沿同一條路走過森林.
3.She trod lightly in order not to wake the family. 她腳步輕輕地走,以免驚醒家里的人們.
Scoop ? [skup] ? ? VERB (敏捷地)抱起，拿起，撿起,拽過來→scooped-scooped[sku:pt]
1.A French officer trod on one, thinking it was a brick; another was scooped up by an army doctor.
2.Michael knelt next to her and scooped her into his arms. 邁克爾挨著她跪下，一下把她攬入懷里。
3.She scooped the chicken bones back into the stewpot. 她拿勺撈起雞骨頭放回了燉鍋里。
Diagnosis ? ?[?da??g?no?s?s] ? ?N-VAR 診斷（結論）;判斷（結論）
1.That initial([??n???l] adj.最初的；) diagnosis proved incorrect, though. It was not a brick, but a medieval manuscript (the word means “written by hand”.)
2.I need to have a second test to confirm the diagnosis.我需要再進行一次檢查以確診。
3.She began to consult doctors, and each had a different diagnosis. 她開始四處尋醫，但每個醫生的診斷都不相同。
Fetch ? ?[f?t?] ? ? ? ?VERB 賣得;售得
1.The second was one of the most famous manuscripts ever made: a prayer book for a medieval queen that had fetched a record-breaking price at Sotheby’s(索斯比-拍賣公司名) in London in 1919.
2.The painting is expected to fetch between two and three million pounds. 預計這幅畫將售得兩三百萬英鎊
3.He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake. 他讓司機去給他買一杯草莓奶昔。
Thrilling [ ?θr?l??] ? ? ? ?ADJ-GRADED 扣人心弦的;激動人心的;引人入勝的
1.In “Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts” Christopher de Hamel, fellow([?felo?] 大學的研究員) and librarian([la?'brer?rn] 圖書館管理員) of the Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, reminds readers why this was such a thrilling discovery
2.Our wildlife trips offer a thrilling encounter with wildlife in its natural state. 野生動物園之旅使我們得以接觸自然狀態下的野生動物，讓人感覺很刺激。
3.Jon featured in one of the show's most thrilling episodes. 喬恩主演劇中最引人入勝的劇集之一
Groupie [?ɡrupi] ? N-COUNT粉絲
1.Mr de Hamel is an unashamed manuscript groupie.
2.A groupie is someone, especially a young woman, who is a fan of a particular pop group, singer, or other famous person, and follows them around.
3.I do not mean...I have become a cinema groupie, attaching myself to film-makers.
Vellum ? [?vel?m] N-UNCOUNT 羊皮紙;犢皮紙;上等紙
1.The 12 works he writes about are, he explains, superstars of vellum.
2.Pen and brown - ink vellum paper folded twice. 鋼筆,棕色墨水,折疊兩次的羊皮紙.
3.For example, animal skins called parchment and vellum were used by the ancient Greeks. 例如, 古希臘人使用過動物皮子,如羔皮(parchment)和犢皮(Vellum).
Celebrities ? [si?lebritiz] ? ? （尤指娛樂界的）名人( celebrity的名詞復數)； 名流
1.Like many celebrities, some are tastelessly glitzy, gleaming with gold and studded with jewels.
2.a host of celebrities. 群星薈萃
3.There were wall-to-wall people, all invited guests and celebrities. 到處都是人，全是邀請來的貴客名流。
Glitzy ? ?[?ɡlitsi] ? ?ADJ-GRADED 浮華的；華麗的；光彩奪目的
1.Like many celebrities, some are tastelessly(毫無品味、庸俗不堪) glitzy, gleaming with gold and studded with jewels.
2.The film star's wedding was a glitzy affair. 那位影星的婚禮是堂皇的盛事.
Gleaming ? ? [?ɡlim??] ? ? ? ?VERB 閃光；閃爍
1.Like many celebrities, some are tastelessly glitzy, gleaming with gold and studded with jewels.
2.a gleaming red sports car. 锃亮的紅色跑車
3.I felt loath to sully the gleaming brass knocker by handling it. 我不愿意伸手去抓那閃亮的黃銅門環，怕把它弄臟。
Studded ? ? ?[?st?d?d] ? ? ? ?v.布滿顆粒，打上裝飾釘； 鑲嵌(stud的過去式和過去分詞)
1.Like many celebrities, some are tastelessly glitzy, gleaming with gold and studded with jewels.
2.a beautiful gold bracelet studded with diamonds. 漂亮的鑲鉆金手鐲
3.His collection was studded with Flemish masterpieces. 他的收藏里有許多佛蘭芒人的杰作。
Comfinement ? ? ? ? ?[k?m'fa?nm?nt] ~ means you're being held and you can't move freely.
1.All are closely guarded, spending their days in climate-controlled confinement and travelling in bomb-proof(防彈的) cases.
2.short-term comfinement短期禁閑
3.Benton and Tate were sentenced Tuesday to two years’ probation([pro??be??n] 緩刑) and six months of home confinement.
Pope ? ? [po?p] ? ?N-COUNT （天主教）教皇
1. “It is easier,” says Mr de Hamel, “to meet the pope or the president of the United States than it is to touch the ‘Très Riches Heures’ of the Duc de Berry.”
2. The Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Circulated ? ?['s?kj?le?t?d] ?v.循環( circulate的過去式和過去分詞 )；流通；流傳；散布
1.These books, patricians of parchment, have circulated in European society at the very highest level for centuries.
2.The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations... 這份文件先前在紐約的聯合國總部傳閱過。
3.Cooking odors can circulate throughout the entire house. 做飯的香味可以傳到家里的各個角落
Inherit ? [?n?her?t] ? ? ? VERB 繼承(金錢或財產)
1.Queens inherit them. Saints(N-COUNT; N-TITLE (基督教正式追封的)圣徒，圣人) travel with them. Popes, even now, bow down before them.
2.He has no son to inherit his land. 他沒有兒子來繼承田產。
3.Princess Alexandra was to inherit the title of Duchess of Fife. 亞歷山德拉公主將會繼承法夫女公爵的爵位。
Otherworldly ? ? ?[??e??w?ldli] ?adj.非現實世界的，超世俗的，超自然的；
1.To touch a manuscript is to touch another world. And what an otherworldly world this is.
2.They encourage an image of the region as an otherworldly sort of place. 他們想將這個地區成世外桃源。
3.This is not narcissism, but an otherworldly realm of life. 這不是自我陶醉, 而是一種超凡脫俗的人生境界.
Vikings [?vaiki?z] ? ? ? n.維京人，海盜，北歐海盜
1.Half of the works here were written between the sixth and 11th centuries, when Vikings ruled the waves(海浪、代指大海) and men had names like Ecgfrith and Ceolfrith.
2.Early in the eleventh century the whole of England was again conquered by the Vikings.11世紀早期，整個英格蘭再次被北歐海盜征服。
Clings ? [kl??] ? ? ?vi.附著于，緊貼；
1.A little of this mystery still clings to their pages: when Mr de Hamel takes the Gospels( [?ɡ?sp?lz]<新約>四福音書)of St Augustine (pictured) to a service in Canterbury Cathedral he notices that its leaves are so light they flutter and hum in time to a hymn, “as if the sixth-century manuscript…had come to life”.
2.His sodden trousers were clinging to his shins. 濕淋淋的褲子緊緊粘在他小腿上。
3.I was terrified he would leave me, so I was clinging to him. 我害怕他會離開我，所以纏著他不放。
Flutter ? [?fl?t?(r)] ? ? ? ?VERB (小鳥)振翅飛翔;(紙片)飄飛，翩翩飛舞
1.A little of this mystery still clings to their pages: when Mr de Hamel takes the Gospels of St Augustine (pictured) to a service(禮拜儀式) in Canterbury Cathedral(坎特伯雷座堂) he notices that its leaves are so light they flutter and hum in time to a hymn, “as if the sixth-century manuscript…had come to life”
2.The paper fluttered to the floor... 紙飄落到地板上。
3.Her chiffon skirt was fluttering in the night breeze. 她的雪紡裙在晚風中飄動著。
Hum ? ? ?[h?m] ? ? VERB 發出連續而低沉的聲音;發嗡嗡聲
1.A little of this mystery still clings to their pages: when Mr de Hamel takes the Gospels of St Augustine (pictured) to a service in Canterbury Cathedral he notices that its leaves are so light they flutter and hum in time to a hymn, “as if the sixth-century manuscript…had come to life”
2.The birds sang, the bees hummed...鳥兒叫，蜂兒鳴。
3.He hummed to himself as he opened the trunk. 他獨自哼著曲子打開了車子的后備箱。
Hymn ? ?[h?m] ? ? ?N-COUNT （基督教的）贊美詩，圣歌
1.A little of this mystery still clings to their pages: when Mr de Hamel takes the Gospels of ?Augustine (pictured) to a service in Canterbury Cathedral he notices that its leaves are so light they flutter and hum in time to a hymn, “as if the sixth-century manuscript…had come to life”
2.I like singing hymns. 我喜歡唱圣歌。
3.The service opened with a hymn. 禮拜儀式從唱圣歌開始。
Impart ? [?m?pɑ:t] ? ? ? ?VERB 傳授;告知
1.Manuscripts are words written down, but they impart far more than sentences.
2.I am about to impart knowledge to you that you will never forget. 我會向你傳授讓你終生牢記的知識。
3.His production of Harold Pinter's play fails to impart a sense of excitement or danger. 他所執導的哈羅德·品特的劇作沒能表現出緊張、危險感。
Precise ? ? ? ? [pr??sa?s] ? ? ? ADJ-GRADED 明確的；確切的→precision[pr??s???n]準確度
1.Precise moments in time can be found, like pressed flowers, preserved in their pages.
2.I can remember the precise moment when my daughter came to see me and her new baby brother in hospital... 我能清楚地回想起我女兒來醫院看我和她剛出生的弟弟的那一刻。
3.I seem to remember giving you very precise instructions. 我好像記得給過你非常明確的指示。
Preserved ? ?[pr?'z?vd] ? ? ? VERB 保存，腌制（食物）
1.Precise moments in time can be found, like pressed flowers, preserved in their pages.
2.We will do everything to preserve peace. 我們會盡全力維持和平。
3.preserved ginger in syrup. 用糖漿腌制的姜
Orbit ? ? ?[??rb?t] ? ?N-COUNT （天體等運行的）軌道
1.In one ninth-century manuscript a picture of the planets in orbit has been drawn with such precision that astronomers say this configuration happens only once in 17 trillion years.
2.Mars and Earth have orbits which change with time... 火星與地球的運行軌道隨著時間而變化。
3.In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit the earth. 1957年，蘇聯發射了第一顆繞地衛星。
Precision ? ? [pr??s???n]準確度
1.In one ninth-century manuscript a picture of the planets in orbit has been drawn with such precision that astronomers say this configuration happens only once in 17 trillion years.
2.Her precision became a standing joke with colleagues. 她事事講究精確，同事們經常拿這事開玩笑。
3.done with mathematical precision 以數學般的精確完成的
Astronomer [??str?n?m?(r)] ? ?N-COUNT 天文學家
1.In one ninth-century manuscript a picture of the planets in orbit has been drawn with such precision that astronomers say this configuration happens only once in 17 trillion years.
2.A scientist who studies the objects in the sky, including planets, galaxies, black holes, and stars, is called an astronomer.
Configuration ? ?[k?n?f?g??re??n] ? ?N-COUNT 安排;格局;布局
1.In one ninth-century manuscript a picture of the planets in orbit has been drawn with such precision that astronomers say this configuration happens only once in 17 trillion([?tr?lj?n] NUM 萬億;兆)years.
2.Stonehenge, in south-western England, an ancient configuration of giant stones. 英格蘭西南部的巨石陣——一座古老的巨石陣列
3.The basic configuration and development trend of the cross – straits( [stre?ts] 海峽(strait的名詞復數) relations remain unchanged. 兩岸關系的基本格局和發展趨勢沒有改變.
Dated ? ?[de?t] ? ? ?VERB 確定…的日期(或年代)
1.They have dated the manuscript to March 18th 816.
2.You cannot date the carving and it is difficult to date the stone itself... 無法確定這一雕刻的年代，連石頭本身的年代都難以判斷。
3.I think we can date the decline( [d??kla?n] n.衰退) of Western Civilization quite precisely... 我認為我們可以相當準確地確定西方文明開始衰落的年代。
Monarchs ? ?[?m?n?k] ? ? ? N-COUNT 君主;帝王;女王;女皇;統治者
These books may no longer be owned by monarchs, but modern libraries can be as well-defended as medieval kings.
come to meeting ? ? when it comes to (doing) something when the subject being discussed is a particular thing
1.Mr de Hamel’s interviews(N-COUNT 采訪;訪談)are the closest most readers will come to meeting these books themselves.
2.When it comes to writing letters, she’s hopeless.
3.I do hope you'll be able to come to the wedding. 我確實希望你能來參加婚禮。
Aura ? ? ?[??:r?] ? ? N-COUNT 氣質；氣氛；氛圍
1.Like all good interviewers, he leaves the reader with the sense of what it was like to meet each star—their aura, their attire and their size (frequently, as is so often the case with celebrities, smaller than expected).
2.She had an aura of authority. 她給人一種很有權威的感覺。
3.She always has an aura of confidence. 她總是滿有信心的樣子。
Attire ? ? [??ta??(r)] ? ? ?N-UNCOUNT 服裝;衣服
1.Like all good interviewers, he leaves the reader with the sense of what it was like to meet each star—their aura, their attire and their size (frequently, as is so often the case with celebrities, smaller than expected).
2.seven women dressed in their finest attire. 七個盛裝打扮的女子
3.He had no intention of changing his mode of attire. 他無意改變著裝方式.
4.In those crowded streets her attire did not rate a second glance. 在那些擁擠的街道她的穿著并未引起注意。
Erudite ?[?er?da?t] ? ? ?ADJ-GRADED 博學的;有學問的；（書等）知識豐富的
1.Erudite and enthusiastic, Mr de Hamel is not so star-struck that he cannot be critical: a famous illustration in the“Book of Kells(凱爾斯書，約在8世紀后期—9世紀早期制成的帶有泥金裝飾畫的四部《新約福音書》手抄本，它是華美的愛爾蘭－撒克遜風格風格的一個杰作)” is “dreadfully ugly”; a naked Adam and Eve look “knobbly-kneed” and “brightly pink like newly arrived English holidaymakers on Spanish beaches”.
2.He was never dull, always erudite and well informed. 他從來就不愚笨，而是一直博學多才、見多識廣。
3.Through hard work, he finally made himself into an erudite man. 他經過不斷地刻苦學習終于成為通人.
Star-struck ?追星族
1.I always get star struck, regardless of how many celebrities I meet and generally am at a loss(不知所措) for what to say.
2.Hollywood is a place where young star - struck teenagers, boys and girls could fulfill their dreams. 好萊塢是少男少女向往的地方, 可以實現他們夢想成為明星的愿望.
Enthusiastic ? ? ? [?n?θju:zi??st?k] ? ADJ-GRADED 非常感興趣的;熱心的;熱情的
1.Erudite and enthusiastic, Mr de Hamel is not so star-struck that he cannot be critical: a famous illustration in the“Book of Kells” is “dreadfully ugly”; a naked Adam and Eve look “knobbly-kneed” and “brightly pink like newly arrived English holidaymakers on Spanish beaches”.
2.Bob Dole seemed less than enthusiastic about the proposed move. 鮑勃·多爾似乎對提議的這項行動不太感興趣。
3.The teachers are enthusiastic and have a sense of purpose. 教師們很熱情并且很有決心。
Dreadfully ? ?[?dredf?li] ? ? ?ADJ-GRADED 糟糕透頂的;令人不快的;劣質的
1.Erudite and enthusiastic, Mr de Hamel is not so star-struck that he cannot be critical: a famous illustration in the“Book of Kells” is “dreadfully ugly”; a naked Adam and Eve look “knobbly-kneed” and “brightly pink like newly arrived English holidaymakers on Spanish beaches”.
2.They told us the dreadful news...他們告訴了我們那糟糕透頂的消息。
3.I feel absolutely dreadful about what has happened. 我對已發生的一切感到極其失望。
4.Cuts to youth services have suffered dreadfully in recent years.
Knobbly-kneed ?[?n?bli] ADJ-GRADED 有節的；多疙瘩的 ? ? ?knee [ni:] 膝蓋
1.knobbly knees. 骨節凸出的膝蓋
2.Harry a thin face, knobbly knees, black hair, and bright green eyes. 哈利長著一張瘦瘦的疙瘩臉, 黑黑的頭發, 亮藍色的眼睛.
Holidaymaker ? ? [?h?l?de?me?k?(r)] ? ? ?N-COUNT （外出）度假者
1.Erudite and enthusiastic, Mr de Hamel is not so star-struck that he cannot be critical: a famous illustration in the“Book of Kells” is “dreadfully ugly”; a naked Adam and Eve look “knobbly-kneed” and “brightly pink like newly arrived English holidaymakers on Spanish beaches”.
2.And it’s not just holidaymakers – business people, too, want experiences.
3.Previously, their customers were mainly price-conscious holidaymakers who did not mind an uncomfortable flight as long as it was cheap.
Concludes ? [k?n?klu:d] ? ? VERB 結束(講話);總結
1.He concludes with a call to arms(原意應召入伍；這里更像是“呼吁”): manuscripts are a neglected corner of academia and he wants more people to study them
2.'It's a waste of time,' he concluded... “這是浪費時間。”他總結道。
3.I would like to conclude by saying that I do enjoy your magazine. 最后，我想說我的確很喜歡你們的雜志。
Call to arms：a summons, invitation, or appeal to undertake a particular course of action
Neglected ? ?[n??glekt?d] ? ?adj.被忽視的
1.He concludes with a call to arms: manuscripts are a neglected corner of academia and he wants more people to study them
2.He'd given too much to his career, worked long hours, neglected her. 他為事業付出太多，長時間地工作，忽視了她。
3.The woman denied that she had neglected her child. 那位女士否認疏于照管自己的孩子。
Academia ? ?[??k??di:mi?] N-UNCOUNT （某一國家或地區的）學術界
1.He concludes with a call to arms: manuscripts are a neglected corner of academia and he wants more people to study them
2.Britain needs to bridge the technology gap between academia and industry. 英國需要彌合學術界和企業界之間的技術差距。
3.The government and academia should pay attention to this unusual fact. 這種非常現象應引起政府監管部門與學術界的關注.
Catalogued ['k?t?l?gd] ? ?VERB 將…列入目錄;為…編目錄
1.Mr de Hamel has catalogued more medieval manuscripts than anyone in history; everyone, not only academics(學者), should listen to what he has to say.
2.The librarians catalogued the new books. 圖書管理人員把新書編成目錄.
3.The Royal Greenwich Observatory was founded to observe and catalogue the stars. 當初創立皇家格林尼治天文臺就是為了觀察星體并對其進行編目。
Impermanence ? [?m'p?:m?n?ns] ? ?n.暫時，無常；
1.These books are object lessons/N-COUNT （作為教訓或說明原則的）實例/ in impermanence.
2.We are reminded just how small and how impermanent we are. 它讓我們意識到我們有多么渺小，我們的生命是何其短暫。
3.Solid rock and rushing water reflect the permanence and impermanence of life itself. 堅固的巖石和奔騰的流水反映出生命本身的永恒和短暫.
Dispersed ? ?[d??sp?:s] ? ? ? V-ERG （使）分散;（使）散布
1. Only one, the “Hours” of Jeanne de Navarre, remains in the country where it was made. The rest have been dispersed.
2. The intense currents disperse the sewage... 急流沖散了污水。
3. Police fired shots and used teargas to disperse the demonstrators... 警方鳴槍并使用催淚彈來驅散示威者。
Oceanographers ? ? ? [?????'n?ɡr?f?(r)] ?n.海洋學家
In much the same way that oceanographers study the paths of plastic ducks to understand currents, or economists study shipping routes to observe the world economy, one could follow these manuscripts to understand a millennium of European history.
Routes ?['ru:ts] ? ?N-COUNT 行車路線;航線
1.In much the same way that oceanographers study the paths of plastic ducks to understand currents, or economists study shipping routes to observe the world economy, one could follow these manuscripts to understand a millennium of European history
2.the main shipping routes to Japan. 去往日本的主要航運線路
3.The airline plans to auction its international routes to former competitors. 這家航空公司打算把他們的國際線路拍賣給以前的競爭對手
Observe ? ? ? [?b?z?:v] ? ? ? VERB （尤指為了解而）觀察，觀測
1. In much the same way that oceanographers study the paths of plastic ducks to understand currents, or economists study shipping routes to observe the world economy, one could follow these manuscripts to understand a millennium of European history
2. The Royal Greenwich Observatory was founded to observe and catalogue the stars. 當初創立皇家格林尼治天文臺就是為了觀察星體并對其進行編目。
3. Let's observe(遵守) a minute's silence in memory of the dead. 讓我們為死者靜默一分鐘.
Millennium ?[m??leni?m] ? N-COUNT 一千年;千年期
1.In much the same way that oceanographers study the paths of plastic ducks to understand currents, or economists study shipping routes to observe the world economy, one could follow these manuscripts to understand a millennium of European history
2.The whole world was counting down to the new millennium. 全世界都在倒計時迎接新千年的到來.
Overthrown ? ? ? ?[???v??θr??n] ? ? ? VERB 推翻；打倒；將…趕下臺
1.Churches are overthrown. Empires fade. Thousand-year Reichs crumble after just a few years.
2.That government was overthrown in a military coup([ku:]政變) three years ago. 那個政府在3年前的軍事政變中被推翻。
3.He has overthrown the basic standards of morality([m??r?l?ti]). 他已摒棄了基本的道德標準.
Fade ? ? ?[fe?d] ? ? ?vi.褪去，失去光澤；逐漸消逝； 凋謝，衰老；
1.Churches are overthrown. Empires fade. Thousand-year Reichs crumble after just a few years.
2.He thought her campaign would probably fade out soon in any case. 他認為不管怎樣，她的競選活動都可能會很快歸于沉寂。
3.Jay nodded, his smile fading. 杰伊點點頭，笑容慢慢隱去了。
Crumble ? ? ? [?kr?mbl] ? ? ? VERB (體系、關系或希望等)崩潰，瓦解，消亡
1.Churches are overthrown. Empires fade. Thousand-year Reichs([raik] n.<德>（德意志）帝國，德國) crumble after just a few years.
2.The traditional marriage is crumbling fast... 傳統婚姻正迅速消失。
3.Their economy crumbled under the weight of United Nations sanctions... 在聯合國制裁的重壓之下，他們的經濟崩潰了。
Monuments ? ? ? ?[?m?njum?nt] ? ? ? N-COUNT 豐碑;典范
1.Intended to be monuments to their owners’ everlasting potency they serve mainly as their tombstones.
2.By his international achievements he leaves a fitting monument to his beliefs. 他在國際上的成就為其信念作出了最好的注解。
3.The work is one of the great monuments of English literature. 此作品是英國文學的不朽名作之一。
Everlasting ? ? ? ? [?ev??lɑ:st??] ? ? ? ?ADJ 永久的;永恒的;無窮無盡的
1.Intended to be monuments to their owners’ everlasting potency they serve mainly as their tombstones.
2.Sometimes the work can feel unrewarding and everlasting. 有時候，那個工作讓人覺得沒有成就、永無止境。
3.I have loved you with an everlasting love! 我對你的愛從未改變！
Potency ? ? ? [?p??tnsi] ? ? ?N-UNCOUNT （人、行動或思想的）影響力，支配力
1.Intended to be monuments to their owners’ everlasting potency they serve mainly as their tombstones.
2.All their songs have a lingering potency. 他們所有的歌曲都有耐人尋味的魅力。
3.They testify(證明) to the extraordinary potency of his personality... 這些事情證明了他非凡的人格魅力。
Tombstone ?[?tu:mst??n] ? ? ? ? N-COUNT 墓碑;墓石
1.Intended to be monuments to their owners’ everlasting potency they serve mainly as their tombstones.
2.A tombstone is a large stone with words carved into it, which is placed on a grave.
