我記得數(shù)年前,只要我們編寫JavaScript,都必須用到幾個(gè)常用的函數(shù),比如,addEventListener
和attachEvent
,并不是為了很超前的技術(shù)和功能,只是一些基本的任務(wù),原因是各種瀏覽器之間的差異造成的。時(shí)間過去了這么久,技術(shù)在不斷的進(jìn)步,仍然有一些JavaScript函數(shù)是幾乎所有Web程序員必備的,或?yàn)榱诵阅埽驗(yàn)榱斯δ堋?/p>
防止高頻調(diào)用的debounce函數(shù)
這個(gè)debounce
函數(shù)對(duì)于那些執(zhí)行事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的任務(wù)來說是必不可少的提高性能的函數(shù)。如果你在使用scroll
, resize
, key*
等事件觸發(fā)執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)不使用降頻函數(shù),也行你就犯了重大的錯(cuò)誤。下面這個(gè)降頻函數(shù)debounce
能讓你的代碼變的高效:
// 返回一個(gè)函數(shù),that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
// be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
// N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
// leading edge, instead of the trailing.
function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
var timeout;
return function() {
var context = this, args = arguments;
var later = function() {
timeout = null;
if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args);
};
var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
clearTimeout(timeout);
timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
if (callNow) func.apply(context, args);
};
};
// Usage
var myEfficientFn = debounce(function() {
// All the taxing stuff you do
}, 250);
window.addEventListener('resize', myEfficientFn);
這個(gè)debounce
函數(shù)在給定的時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)只允許你提供的回調(diào)函數(shù)執(zhí)行一次,以此降低它的執(zhí)行頻率。當(dāng)遇到高頻觸發(fā)的事件時(shí),這樣的限制顯得尤為重要。
設(shè)定時(shí)間/頻率循環(huán)檢測(cè)函數(shù)
上面提到的debounce
函數(shù)是借助于某個(gè)事件的觸發(fā)。但有時(shí)候并沒有這樣的事件可用,那我們只能自己寫一個(gè)函數(shù)來每隔一段時(shí)間檢查一次。
function poll (fn, callback, err, timeout, interval) {
var startTime = (new Date()).getTime();
var pi = window.setInterval(function(){
if (Math.floor(((new Date).getTime() - startTime) / 1000) <= timeout) {
if (fn()) {
callback();
}
} else {
window.clearInterval(pi);
err();
}
}, interval)
}
禁止重復(fù)調(diào)用、只允許執(zhí)行一次的once
函數(shù)
很多時(shí)候,我們只希望某種動(dòng)作只能執(zhí)行一次,就像是我們使用onload
來限定只在加載完成時(shí)執(zhí)行一次。下面這個(gè)函數(shù)就能讓你的操作執(zhí)行一次后就不會(huì)再重復(fù)執(zhí)行。
function once(fn, context) {
var result;
return function() {
if(fn) {
result = fn.apply(context || this, arguments);
fn = null;
}
return result;
};
}
// Usage
var canOnlyFireOnce = once(function() {
console.log('Fired!');
});
canOnlyFireOnce(); // "Fired!"
canOnlyFireOnce(); // nada
這個(gè)once
函數(shù)能夠保證你提供的函數(shù)只執(zhí)行唯一的一次,防止重復(fù)執(zhí)行。
獲取一個(gè)鏈接的絕對(duì)地址 getAbsoluteUrl
獲取鏈接的絕對(duì)地址并不像你想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。下面就是一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的函數(shù),能根據(jù)你輸入的相對(duì)地址,獲取絕對(duì)地址:
var getAbsoluteUrl = (function() {
var a;
return function(url) {
if(!a) a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = url;
return a.href;
};
})();
// Usage
getAbsoluteUrl('/something'); // http://www.webhek.com/something
這里使用了a
標(biāo)簽href
來生成完整的絕對(duì)URL,十分的可靠。
判斷一個(gè)JavaScript函數(shù)是否是系統(tǒng)原生函數(shù)isNative
很多第三方j(luò)s腳本都會(huì)在全局變量里引入新的函數(shù),有些甚至?xí)采w掉系統(tǒng)的原生函數(shù),下面這個(gè)方法就是來檢查是不是原生函數(shù)的:
;(function() {
// Used to resolve the internal `[[Class]]` of values
var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
// Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions
var fnToString = Function.prototype.toString;
// Used to detect host constructors (Safari > 4; really typed array specific)
var reHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;
// Compile a regexp using a common native method as a template.
// We chose `Object#toString` because there's a good chance it is not being mucked with.
var reNative = RegExp('^' +
// Coerce `Object#toString` to a string
String(toString)
// Escape any special regexp characters
.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\]/g, '\\$&')
// Replace mentions of `toString` with `.*?` to keep the template generic.
// Replace thing like `for ...` to support environments like Rhino which add extra info
// such as method arity.
.replace(/toString|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
);
function isNative(value) {
var type = typeof value;
return type == 'function'
// Use `Function#toString` to bypass the value's own `toString` method
// and avoid being faked out.
? reNative.test(fnToString.call(value))
// Fallback to a host object check because some environments will represent
// things like typed arrays as DOM methods which may not conform to the
// normal native pattern.
: (value && type == 'object' && reHostCtor.test(toString.call(value))) || false;
}
// export however you want
module.exports = isNative;
}());
// Usage
isNative(alert); // true
isNative(myCustomFunction); // false
這個(gè)方法雖然不是那么的簡(jiǎn)潔,但還是可以完成任務(wù)的!
用JavaScript創(chuàng)建新的CSS規(guī)則insertRule
有時(shí)候我們會(huì)使用一個(gè)CSS選擇器(比如 document.querySelectorAll
)來獲取一個(gè)NodeList
,然后給它們每個(gè)依次修改樣式。其實(shí)這并不是一種高效的做法,高效的做法是用JavaScript新建一段CSS樣式規(guī)則:
// Build a better Sheet object
Sheet = (function() {
// Build style
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.setAttribute('media', 'screen');
style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(''));
document.head.appendChild(style);
// Build and return a single function
return function(rule){ style.sheet.insertRule( rule, style.sheet.cssRules.length ); } ;
})();
// Then call as a function
Sheet(".stats { position: relative ; top: 0px }") ;
這些做法的效率非常高,在一些場(chǎng)景中,比如使用ajax新加載一段html時(shí),使用上面這個(gè)方法,你不需要操作新加載的html內(nèi)容。
判斷網(wǎng)頁(yè)元素是否具有某種屬性和樣式matchesSelector
function matchesSelector(el, selector) {
var p = Element.prototype;
var f = p.matches || p.webkitMatchesSelector || p.mozMatchesSelector || p.msMatchesSelector || function(s) {
return [].indexOf.call(document.querySelectorAll(s), this) !== -1;
};
return f.call(el, selector);
}
// Usage
matchesSelector(document.getElementById('myDiv'), 'div.someSelector[some-attribute=true]')
就是這7個(gè)JavaScript函數(shù),每個(gè)Web程序員都應(yīng)該知道怎么用它們。你可以在評(píng)論里寫出其它你認(rèn)為必備的函數(shù),分享出來,謝謝。