疑問句
疑問句是按照句子的語氣分出來的一個類,它與陳述句、感嘆句、祈使句的最大區別就是它的疑問語氣;是問一些事情的,表達的內容并不是陳述,所以是不確定的;主要有四大句型,一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句;而反意疑問句是高考英語的語法項目之一。
考向一:一般疑問句
英語中的疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句四種。所謂一般疑問句,就是可以用yes或no來回答的疑問句。
1. 肯定形式的一般疑問句
此類一般疑問句的結構為"連系動詞be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他? "。
—Is he a good student? 他是一個好學生嗎?
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
—Does he go to school by bike? 他騎自行車去上學嗎?
—Yes, he does. 是的,他騎。/ No, he doesn’t. 不,他不騎。
2. 否定形式的一般疑問句
此類一般疑問句主要表示反問或驚訝,通常在連系動詞be,情態動詞或助動詞后加not的縮略式n’t,并放在句首。
—Aren’t you a writer? 難道你不是作家嗎?
—No, I’m not. 是的,我不是。
3. 用yes,no之外的詞回答的一般疑問句
一般疑問句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的詞回答,如:certainly,sure,of course,I think so,all right,certainly not,not at all,never,sorry,not yet,I’m afraid not等。
—Would you mind my joining your talk? 我加入你們的討論,你們介意嗎?
—Of course not. 當然不介意。
考向二:特殊疑問句
以疑問詞開頭的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。特殊疑問句的基本結構是"疑問詞 + 一般疑問句"。常見的疑問詞有what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what time,what color,how much,how many,how long,how often,how soon等。
1. 特殊疑問句的語序
疑問詞作主語時,句子的語序與陳述句的語序相同。當疑問詞作句子的賓語、狀語等時,應用"疑問詞 + 一般疑問句"結構。
Who will give us a talk? 誰將給我們做報告?(who作主語)
When do you get up every day? 你每天什么時候起床?(when作時間狀語)
2. 否定形式的特殊疑問句
否定形式的特殊疑問句由"疑問詞 + 一般疑問句的否定形式"構成,主要表示勸告、建議或責備等。
Why didn’t you tell me earlier? 你為什么不早點告訴我呢?
When can’t he come? 他什么時候不能來?
3. 對畫線部分提問
這類題實際上就是將所給的陳述句變為特殊疑問句。解這類題時通常分三步完成:首先選準疑問詞;然后改為疑問句語序;最后抄寫剩余的部分。當對句子的主語提問時,其語序是"疑問詞 + 謂語 + 其他成分? "。
Jack is over there.
→Who is over there?
He comes to China once a year.
→How often does he come to China?
考向三:選擇疑問句
要求對方對兩種或兩種以上的情況進行選擇的問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句的最后兩個供選擇部分用or連接。選擇疑問句有兩種:一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句。
—Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜歡湯姆還是杰瑞? —I like Jerry. 我喜歡杰瑞。
—Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜歡哪樣,蘋果橘子還是香蕉?
—I like apples best. 我最喜歡蘋果。
反意疑問句用法歸納(閨蜜連環奪命call)
?找相反的情況(前后相反)
1》否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impolite, isn't it?(興奮大喊)He is not unkind to his ex-girlfriends, is he?(尷尬前度)
2》陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。???The Swede made no answer, did he / she?(短信試探)???Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?(愚笨木頭)
找主語
?陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this,疑問部分主語it。Everything is ready, isn't it?(相親前夜)
?陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,
疑問部分常用復數they,有時也用單數he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)(公子佳人配對)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)(秘密相親)
三.找助動詞(謂語,注意時態和人稱、數的變化)
1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as beautiful?as your younger sister,aren't I?(心機自夸)2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。???
?I wish to have a word with you, may I?(相談甚歡)
3)含有ought to的反意疑問句,陳述部分肯定,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。??
?He ought to know what to say and do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?(忐忑表白)
4)陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。????
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?(致命遲到)
5)陳述部分的謂語是used to時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。???
She?used to dance ballet?there, didn't she? / usedn't she?(假裝偶遇)
6)陳述部分有had better + v.疑問句部分用hadn't you????
You'd better write?it down on your notebook, hadn't you?(情報收集)
7)陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。?
He would rather watch football?ten times than go shopping, wouldn't he?(男女有別)
8) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。???
You'd like to dance?with me, wouldn't you?
9)帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare( ????)+主語。We need not do it again, need we ?(笨豬跳)He dare not say so, dare you?(大聲喊出I LOVE U)當dare, need為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?(護花使者)
10)陳述部分有must的疑問句,疑問部分根據實際情況而定。must在表"推測"時,根據其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。
He must be there now, isn't he?(提前達到約會地點)
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?(是否帶傘)
He must be a playboy, isn't he?(過于殷勤)??
You must have studied English for 3?years, haven't you? / didn't you???
He must have prepared it yesterday, didn't he??(精心策劃)
四、句式變化綜合處理(主語、謂語)
①感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。???What colours, aren't they?(禮物:tie)???What a smell, isn't it?(禮物:perfume)
②省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?(公共場合抽煙)??Go shopping with me, will you / won't you ?(女生邀約)
注意:◆Let's開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?Let's go and play board games, shall we?(男生邀約)?
??◆Let us開頭的祈使句,后用will you???????
?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?(拒拎包)
③陳述部分是"there be"結構的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?(perfect excuse)There will not be any trouble, will there?(perfect arrangement)
④陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or并列主語,疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor he?is?married, are you?(男未婚,女未嫁)
⑤陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句,疑問部分有三種情況:?a.并列復合句疑問部分,謂語動詞根據鄰近從句的謂語而定。????Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, ??
shouldn't he?b.帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復合句,疑問部分謂語根據主句的謂語而定:??
?He is not the man who wrote me?the letter, is he?(意外相逢)???
He said he wanted to visit her in her office, didn't he?(下一次約定)
c.上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的定語從句,
疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句。???I don't think he is bright, is he?(致命印象)??
?We believe she can have?a?better?choice, can't she?(致命否決)