習題4:詞匯學習
第九章 詞典使用
重點提示:牛津高階,朗文當代,科林斯,搭配詞典,發音詞典,同義詞詞典,詞根詞典
難點提示:無 ?
1. Dictionaries define words in various ways. Try to define the following words in the given way.?
(1)bird (formal definition): ?a feathered creature with two legs and two wings, usually able to fly.?
(2)beautiful (definition by synonym) : lovely or handsome.?
(3)chilly(definition by antonym): not friendly.?
(4)laugh(definition by context): when you laugh, you make a sound with your throast while smiling and show that you are happy or amused.?
(5)seesaw(operational definition): a game played when children sit on opposite ends of the plank and go up and down alternately.?
(6)blue(definition by example): of the color like the sky on a clear day or the deep sea when the sun is shining.?
第十章 英美詞匯差異
重點提示:發音差異,意義差異,拼寫差異,
難點提示:
1. 英美英語最顯著的系統性發音差異是元音后的/r/ 。 door, father
2. 兩個元音間的/t/在美式英語讀作/d/。water, better
3.? 英音中的/?/在美音中常讀作/a:/; (hot)
? ? 英音中的/a:/在美音中常讀作/?/; (dance)
? ? 英音中的/ju:/在美音中常讀作/u:/; (new)
? ? 英音中的/?/在美音中常讀作/?/。 (love)
4. 將下列詞語按照英式英語和美式英語歸類。
英式 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 美式 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
nappy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?diaper ??
note ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?bill
chemist's ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? drugstore
petrol ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?gasoline ?
lorry ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? truck
underground ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? subway ?
第十一章 成語
重點提示:成語的定義、特征、分類
難點提示:
第十二章 同義詞與搭配
重點提示:同義詞的意義區分;搭配的類型。
難點提示:
1. 同義詞的意義通常存在一定差別,這些差別是什么?
(1)概念意義:意義的程度、范圍等差別。
(2)聯想意義:1)蘊含意義差別;2)文體差別;3)情感色彩差別;3)搭配與分布的差別。
(因為本題與“意義分類”知識點高度重合, 所以考試不考。)
2. 根據詞語組合的密切程度,搭配可分為哪幾種類型?
自由搭配、習慣性搭配、固定搭配。
free combination, fixed combination, natural collocation
固定型:a gust of wind, nod your head, shrug your shoulders.
習慣型搭配:rough life, chain smoker,happy ending?
自由型:kill a bird, drink water
3. 按照所涉及詞的詞性,英語中的搭配主要有哪些類型?
第一大類:三大詞類的互相搭配
(1)主語與謂語動詞的搭配
日本人學會了中國的飲茶。
The Japanese became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking.
這件事告訴我們,他為人不誠實。
The incident showed that he is dishonest.?
(2)動詞與賓語的搭配?
解決問題 solve a problem?
回答問題 answer a question?
討論問題 discuss an issue?
犯罪 commit a crime ? ??犯錯 make a mistake?
關燈turn off the light? (×close)? ? 吃藥take the medicine (×eat)
教師教了很多知識,但學生并沒學到很多知識。
(×)The teacher taught a lot of knowledge, but the students didn’t learn a lot of knowledge.
(V)The teacher passed on a lot of knowledge,but the students didn’t gain alot of knowledge.
(3)形容詞與名詞的搭配
嚴重的錯誤 ?a grave mistake?
巨大的危險 ?grave danger?
濃茶 strong tea ? ??淡茶 weak tea?
濃湯 thick soup ? ??淡湯 thin soup?
第二大類:介詞類搭配
(4)介詞與名詞的搭配
詞匯學基礎 foundation of lexicology ??
詞匯學導論 introduction to lexicolgy ?
Please find a?solution to?this problem as soon as possible. 請盡快找到這個問題的解決方法。
在學校 at the school ? ? ? ?在醫院 in the hospital ?
(5)動詞與介詞的搭配
Please?concentrate on?one thing at a time. 一次請關注一件事情。
You can?appeal to?higher court. 你可以向更高法院上訴。
(6)形容詞與介詞的搭配
He is?indifferent to?my feelings. 他對我的感受毫不在意。
The country is?rich in?water. 這個國家水資源豐富。
第三大類:副詞類搭配
(7)副詞與動詞的搭配
完全同意 ?completely/fully agree
衷心感謝 ?thank sb. sincerely/heartily?
堅決反對 ?firmly/strongly oppose?
嚴厲譴責 ?strongly condemn?
(8)副詞與形容詞的搭配
非常生氣 ?extremely angry?
It is _________ to see a panda in the wild.?
a)?completely unusual?
b) highly unusual? ? √
c)?deeply unusual
d)?strongly unusual
At a price of £200 per bottle, that wine is _________.
a)?absolutely expensive
b) ridiculously expensive √
c)?strongly expensive
d)?utterly expensive
總論
1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationship. Some of the terms may be used twice.?
lexicology, ? ?study of individual words, ? ?study of vocabulary,?
diachronic study, ? ?synchronic study, ? ?morphological structure,?
word meaning, ? ?pragmatic meaning, ? ?word formation,?
sense relations, ? ?vocabulary evolution, ? ?changes in word meaning,
?classification of words. ??