I. Words&Expressions
1.vocation n.（主業） vocational adj.? ? ? ? avocation n. （副業）
2.drudge n./v. 做苦力（的人） eg. I am drudging at a tedious work.
3.gimmickn./v. 搞騙人的玩意? a new gimmick to encourage the public to go to the cinema
4.strangle vt..使窒息? ? eg.He was strangled with a scarf.
5.fiddle n. 小提琴 v. 瞎搞，虛度光陰? ? ? eg. The reporter fiddled with the facts.
6. tenacious adj..頑強的 （尤指記憶力強的）
7.drape v. (用布)披著、蓋著，裝飾 ? ? ? eg.All the preprositions are draped onto verbs.
? eg. The soldiers' coffins were draped with American flag.
8.summon? v. to formally call for the presence of sb. （gather up）傳喚（出庭）、召喚、鼓起勇氣、召開/集 會議（大會）
summon（up） the courage to do sth.? ? eg. He summoned a meeting of business leaders.
9.stricken? adj.（affected）overwhelmed by emotion 受災/患病的?
? ? ? drought-stricken/cancers-stricken/tragedy-stricken
eg. When you saw the pretty girls? at school smiling at you，you were so stricken that you walked into the wall.
10.strike? v.（罷工、打、擊、疾病/災難的侵襲）
? eg.He was suddenly struck with a sense of grief and loss.
11.grapple? v. try to overcome it（扭打、搏斗??設法解決）
eg. They have grappled with the discipline of assessing a work on the its merits and on external sources.
12.strenuous（involves a lot of energy and efforts）艱苦/費力的，積極/堅決的
eg. Molly has been making a strenous effort to lose weight.
? ? ? We should avoid strenuous exercises immediately after a meal.
13.wriggle v.蠕動（著進行）
eg.The children wiggled uncomfortably in their seats.
14. Now I'm saying you must write for yourself and not be gnawed by worry over…
gnawv. 咬、啃 （使）苦惱折磨 eg.I was gnawed by the grief and loss of my money.
15.…there's no excuse for losing readers through sloppy workmanship.
sloppy adj.* lacking neatness or order（untidy）
eg.When we walked into the room，it was sloppy and clothes were scattered everywhere.
*marked by great careless：? eg.His writing is sloppy.
*not fitting closely，hanging losely（baggy）：? eg. She wears a sloppy shirt.
16.…,who relishs the opulent words for its opulence and doesn't? deify the simple sentences.
relish n. 開胃小菜 v. 享受、品味…
You may relish eating the relish on your hotdog，or you may relish taking an afternoon nap.
17. opulent? adj. rich and superior in quality （luxurious）
eg. He lives in an opulent? mansion filled with priceless art and antiques.
18. deify v. to take as an object of? worship? ? eg.The people deified the emperor.
19.pretentious adj. 自命不凡的、做作的 If you don't want to be accused of being prententious ，just act naturally and don't put on airs.
eg. The house in the neighborhood are large and pretentious.
20. …that I'm mucking about in the argot（行話=jargon）of the youth culture and really know better.
muck n. 污穢（物）糞便 make a muck of 把... 弄糟? eg.I really made a muck of the exam.
v.? 常用搭配? muck about/around 胡混、閑蕩 eg. Some boys were mucking around on bikes.
21. …a “Usage Panel” to help them appraise the new words and dubious constructions that had come …
dubious adj. probably not honest 可疑/靠不住的 eg. The firm was accused of dubious accounting practice.
the dubious distinction/honor/pleasure of （doing）sth.（ 做某事的）污名、恥辱、不信
eg.The US enjoys the dubious distinction of being the lawsuit capital of the world.
22. Unity not only keeps the reader from straggling off in all directions.
straggle v.? 零星的走（in/into/through）The children were beginning to straggle in from the playground.
蔓延、凌亂的散布（along/across/down）Unpainted wooden bulidings straggled along the main road.
23. ...each tugging the reader forward until he is hooked......
tugvt. & vi.用力拉; 使勁拉; 猛扯n.猛拉; 猛拖; 猛扯 tug at sb's heart/heartstings 觸動某人心弦
eg. Joe is tugging at(拉、拽) his sleeves.? ? Anne was? tugging on（迅速地穿衣服）a sweater.
hook vt. & vi.鉤住, 吊住, 掛住vt.彎成鉤形n.掛鉤; 魚鉤
let/get sb off the hook 讓某人脫離困境? eg. I wasn't prepared to let her off the hook easily.
24. It must cajole him with freshness,or novelty,or parodox,or humor,or surprise,or with an unsusal ...
cajole vt.(用甜言蜜語、虛假諾言等)勸誘,哄騙 eg. We do our best to cajole rich countries into helping.
25.... as long as it nudges his couriosty ...
nudge n. 用肘輕推；推動；沒完沒了抱怨的人 v. 用肘輕推；推進；向…不停地嘮叨
eg. I started to nudge my way to the front of the crowd.
We are trying to nudge them towards a practical solution.
II. Reflection
一周五天的閱讀，完成了九個章節閱讀，雖然還有很多需要改進，但是，至少學有所獲。Wtriting is a craft, not an art. Rewriting 也是一項非常重要的且必經的過程。只有通過反復的修改、打磨，才會更加完善。而在這過程中，simplicity是很重要的一個原則。另外，通過閱讀，自己最開始的畏難情緒，已經有所緩解，能沉下心砸時間去好好閱讀體會。
III.Summary
Good writing doesn't come naturally. Writing is hard work. These sentences come out the second or even the third time. Writers must prune them and cut out these sloppy words and make them simple and clear. During the rewriting period, we must pay attention to the style 、the audience、words and usage. Thus ,it comes to the question: what are the methods? Chapter 9&8 are talking "‘Unity’ and "lead&ending". We should have the structure in mind,that is unity(pronoun,tense and mood) 、lead and the ending.
