從一個例子出發
清除/var/log下面的log文件
#!/bin/bash
cd /var/log
cat /dev/null > message
cat /dev/null > wtmp
echo "Logs cleaned up"
也可以使用簡化的寫法
#!/bin/bash
cd /var/log
>message
>wtmp
echo "Logs cleaned up"
在代碼中使用變量
LogDir=/var/log
cd $LogDirb
比較復雜的腳本
#!/bin/bash
# Cleanup, version 3
# Warning:
# -------
# This script uses quite a number of features that will be explained
#+ later on.
# By the time you've finished the first half of the book,
#+ there should be nothing mysterious about it.
LOG_DIR=/var/log
ROOT_UID=0 # Only users with $UID 0 have root privileges.
LINES=50 # Default number of lines saved.
E_XCD=86 # Can't change directory?
E_NOTROOT=87 # Non-root exit error.
# Run as root, of course.
if [ "$UID" -ne "$ROOT_UID" ]
then
echo "Must be root to run this script."
exit $E_NOTROOT
fi
if [ -n "$1" ]
# Test whether command-line argument is present (non-empty).
then
lines=$1
else
lines=$LINES # Default, if not specified on command-line.
fi
# Stephane Chazelas suggests the following,
#+ as a better way of checking command-line arguments,
#+ but this is still a bit advanced for this stage of the tutorial.
#
# E_WRONGARGS=85 # Non-numerical argument (bad argument format).
#
# case "$1" in
# "" ) lines=50;;
# *[!0-9]*) echo "Usage: `basename $0` lines-to-cleanup";
# exit $E_WRONGARGS;;
# * ) lines=$1;;
# esac
#
#* Skip ahead to "Loops" chapter to decipher all this.
cd $LOG_DIR
if [ `pwd` != "$LOG_DIR" ] # or if [ "$PWD" != "$LOG_DIR" ]
# Not in /var/log?
then
echo "Can't change to $LOG_DIR."
exit $E_XCD
fi # Doublecheck if in right directory before messing with log file.
# Far more efficient is:
#
# cd /var/log || {
# echo "Cannot change to necessary directory." >&2
# exit $E_XCD;
# }
tail -n $lines messages > mesg.temp # Save last section of message log file.
mv mesg.temp messages # Rename it as system log file.
# cat /dev/null > messages
#* No longer needed, as the above method is safer.
cat /dev/null > wtmp # ': > wtmp' and '> wtmp' have the same effect.
echo "Log files cleaned up."
# Note that there are other log files in /var/log not affected
#+ by this script.
exit 0
# A zero return value from the script upon exit indicates success
#+ to the shell.
