課前想一想
1.What influences will driverless cars bring to our society?
2. Do you believe that driverless cars will bring traffic accidents away in the future?
3.How to say“鑄劍為犁”in English?
詞匯裝備庫
1.parameter/p?'r?m?t?r/(n.)限定因素;參數;范圍;規范
2. morality /m?'r?l?ti/
(n.)道德,道義;道德體系
public morality公共道德
private morality私德
3.beguilingly/b?ga?l??li/(adv.)欺騙地;有趣地
4.foresee/f?:r'si:/(v.)預見;預知
Can you foresee what will happen in the future?
你能預見將來會發生什么嗎?
5.optimist/'ɑ:pt?m?st/(n.)樂觀主義者,樂天派
He/She is a born optimist.
他/她天生是個樂天派。
6.pixel/'p?ksl/(n.)像素(電視或計算機屏幕圖像的最小組成單位)
7. interception / ,?nt?r'sep?n/
(n.)攔截,截斷;竊聽
8. latency /'le?t?nsi/
(n.)潛伏;潛在因素
The latency period for the cancer is 15 years.癌癥的潛伏期為15年。
詞句兵工廠
We don't need the heavy steel, rigid bodies of these cars to protect the inhabitants.
我們不需要笨重的鋼鐵,堅固的車身來保護乘客。
Note:
1.rigid/'r?d??d/(adj.)僵硬的;固定的;堅固的
I was rigid with fear.
我被嚇得呆若木雞。
2. inhabitant/?n'h?b?t?nt/
(n.)(某地的)居民,棲居動物
The city has about 10,000 inhab-itants.
這座城市大約有1萬居民。
The first inhabitant of the farm was my great-grandfather,who built the house.
農場的第一個居民是我的曾祖父,他建造了這座房子。
詞句兵工廠
Driverless cars will usher in the world where road traffic accidents will be a thing of the past, where the lion will lie down with the lamb, swords will be beaten into ploughshares, and people will be nicer, kinder, happier and richer.無人駕駛汽車將開創一個道路交通事故不復存在的世界,在那里羔羊將會與猛獅同眠,鑄劍為犁,人們會更加善良,友好,快樂,富有。
Note:
1.usher/???r/(v.)引導;把…引往
She ushered us into her office and offered us coffee.
她把我們領進她的辦公室,給我們倒了咖啡。
usher in 開創(尤指重大的變化或新事物)
These changes could usher in a period of dramatic economic growth.
這些改變有可能開啟一個經濟急劇增長的時期。
2.a thing of the past往事
Letter-writing has become a thing of the past.寫信已經成了往事。
3.lie down躺下
I'm so tired-I need to lie down.
我好累,我需要躺下(休息)。
4.sword/s?:rd/
(n.)(尤指舊時使用的)劍,刀
5.ploughshare/'pla??er/
(n.)犁鏘,樺頭
詞句兵工廠
A few of the things we've really im-proved over the last few weeks is we've managed to sort out a lot of the visual odometry, so the car can work out really accurately, where it is in three-dimensional space.
在過去幾周內我們所做出的改進是解決了很多視覺里程計的問題,讓汽車可以在三維空間內運行得非常精確。
Note:
1.over the past/last+一段時間表示在過去的一段時間里
China has experienced great chang-es over the last forty years .
中國在過去的四十年里經歷了巨變。
2.sort out 整理,歸整;解決
It was difficult to sort out the lies from the truth.
從事實中辨別謊言是很難的。
I've spent nearly an hour on this math problem, but I still can't sort it out.這道數學題我已經花了將近一個小時了,但我還是算不出來。
3.visual/'v??u?l/
(adj.)視覺的;視力的
4. odometry /?'d?m?tr?/
(n.)量距,測程法
5.work out 鍛煉;結果是,算下來
In fact, the trip worked out cheaper than we'd expected.
實際上,這次旅行花的錢算下來比我們預計的少。
6.three-dimensional 三維的
*-dimensional作后綴,前面可以加數字,指維度、維數
詞句兵工廠
From the very early days, the Bronze Age, the Stone Age, to the day of the smartphones and modern medicine, it has freed us, it has levelled the play-ing field for everybody, and has em-powered us as a human race. Why stop that?
從最初的青銅時代,石器時代,到有智能手機,現代醫學的如今,科技解放了我們,為每個人提供一個公平的起點,賦予我們人類力量,為什么要阻止它呢?
Note:
1.the Bronze Age 青銅時代
2.the Stone Age 石器時代
3.free/fri:/(v.)釋放;使自由,解放
4.level/'levl/(v.)弄平,使平整
5.playing field 操場,競技場
level the playing field 創造公平競爭的環境
There is a high demand for new laws and restrictions to be introduced in order to level the playing field.
人們強烈要求出臺新的法律和限制,以創造公平的競爭環境。
a level playing field公平競爭的環境
6.empower/?m'pa??r/(v.)給(某人)做...的權力;授權;使自主
語法輕知識
英語中的賓語補足語
Marker sentence:
If it can make my commute into work that much easier, I won't have to stress about it in the morning , that'd be grand如果可以讓我上下班通勤變得那么簡單,每天早上起來不用考慮堵車壓力那太棒了。
放在賓語之后,對賓語受到謂語動詞作用之后產生的變化、所處的狀態進行補足說明的這種結構就是賓語補足語,簡稱“賓補”。
1.在英語中,名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語都可以充當賓語的補足語,這些詞語作賓補時,主要是為了說明賓語的屬性、狀態等。
She told me to call her Liz.
她讓我叫她麗茲。
We'll have guests this afternoon.
Put your dirty socks away !
我們今天下午有客人。把你的臟襪子收起來!
2.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞也可以作賓補,用以說明賓語的后續動作。
He warned me to stay away from his daughter.
他警告我離他女兒遠一點。
I smelt something burning.
我聞到有東西燒焦了。
She had her phone repaired last Sunday.
上個星期天她把手機送去維修了。
實戰練兵場
(2006年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語試題完形填空)
Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become in-creasingly difficult. Even when home-less individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals
a day and a place to sleep at night , a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street .
13.
[A] searching [B] strolling
[C] crowding [D] wandering
解析:
詞義辨析題,需要從上下文的含義入手。選段的意思是:尋找幫助這些不斷增長的無家可歸者的方法變得越來越困難。即使無家可歸的人設法找到一個可以給他們提供一日三餐和晚上睡覺的地方的避難所,仍有一部分人不能找到休息的地方,而繼續流離失所。從even這個詞可以看出,兩個句子之間應該是讓步關系。
四個選項中,A選項searching,指搜尋;B選項strolling,指漫步,閑逛;C選項crowding,表示擁擠;D選項wander-ing,指游蕩,徘徊,流浪。只有D選項最符合上下文的內容。
【答案】D
文化加油站
Talk show 小貼士
1. Autonomous cars prevent human errors from happening as the system controls the vehicle.
自動駕駛汽車是由系統來控制車輛,因此可以避免人類會犯的錯誤。
prevent...from阻止,防止
vehicle/'vi:?kl/(n.)車輛;機動車
2. Great minds think alike.
英雄所見略同。
3. Though it has been successfully pro-grammed, there will still be a possible unexpected glitch that can happen.
盡管它是被設置好程序的,但仍然可能會有無法預見的故障發生。
programme/'pro?gr?m/
(v.)為...制訂計劃;由...安排
glitch / gl?t?/
(n.)小毛病;小差錯;小故障
4. Driverless systems will definitely trigger many debates about legal,ethical, and financial responsibility.
無人駕駛系統一定會引發法律、道德和經濟責任方面的一系列辯論。
trigger/tr?g?r/(v.)引起,引發(壞事)
5.How would the police interact with driverless vehicles, especially in the case of accidents or crimes?
尤其是在發生交通事故或犯罪行為的情況下,警察又該怎樣和無人駕駛汽車打交道呢?
interact/,?nt?r'?kt/(v.)交流,交往;互相作用
主題打包盒
1.自動駕駛汽車將對人類社會產生深遠的影響。這些影響有好有壞,有些影響將會超出我們的想象。此外,還有一些實際問題以及倫理問題仍待解決,而近些年,已經有類似的問題顯現出來了。
2.斯坦試著乘坐了一輛無人駕駛汽車,顯然,這輛車還存在著許多問題。不過他仍然很樂觀。他認為,在2021年左右,自動駕駛將實現商業化。盡管民意調查顯示,人們對于無人駕駛技術意見不一,但拋開保留意見,這一趨勢似乎不可阻擋,無人駕駛汽車的黎明已經到來。