Cookie在Web開發時是非常常用的客戶端(瀏覽器)保存少量信息一種方法。
Cookie是網站為了便是終端身份,保存在終端本地的用戶憑證信息。Cookie中的字段與意義由服務端進行定義。例如,當用戶在某個網站進行了登錄操作后,服務端會將Cookie信息返回給終端,終端會將這些信息進行保存,在下一次再次訪問這個網站時,終端會將保存的Cookie信息一并發送到服務端,服務端根據Cookie信息是否有效來判斷此用戶是否可以自動登錄。
在iOS同樣也有Cookie,Cookie管理的有兩個類:NSHTTPCookieStorage
和 NSHTTPCookie
。
獲取Cookie
在請求后獲取Cookie
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {
NSLog(@"%@", cookie);
}
例如請求百度后,就會返回幾個如下Cookie對象(NSHTTPCookie
):
<NSHTTPCookie
version:0
name:BD_NOT_HTTPS
value:1
expiresDate:'2017-09-23 14:14:22 +0000'
created:'2017-09-23 14:09:22 +0000'
sessionOnly:FALSE
domain:www.baidu.com
partition:none
path:/
isSecure:FALSE
path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>
設置Cookie
在請求前設置一個如下Cookie:
// 請求前 設置Cookie
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"andyron" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"1587" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"andyron.com" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"andyron.com" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
在請求后獲取的幾個Cookie對象(服務器本身設置的和服務器從客戶端后去的)中就有如下一個:
<NSHTTPCookie
version:0
name:andyron
value:1587
expiresDate:'(null)'
created:'2017-09-23 14:43:52 +0000'
sessionOnly:TRUE
domain:andyron.com
partition:none
path:/
isSecure:FALSE
path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>
NSHTTPCookieStorage方法和屬性介紹
//獲取單例對象
+ (NSHTTPCookieStorage *)sharedHTTPCookieStorage;
//所有Cookie數據數組 其中存放NSHTTPCookie對象
@property (nullable , readonly, copy) NSArray<NSHTTPCookie *> *cookies;
//手動設置一條Cookie數據
- (void)setCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某條Cookie信息
- (void)deleteCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某個時間后的所有Cookie信息 iOS8后可用
- (nullable NSArray<NSHTTPCookie *> *)cookiesForURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//獲取某個特定URL的所有Cookie數據
- (void)removeCookiesSinceDate:(NSDate *)date NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
//為某個特定的URL設置Cookie
- (void)setCookies:(NSArray<NSHTTPCookie *> *)cookies forURL:(nullable NSURL *)URL mainDocumentURL:(nullable NSURL *)mainDocumentURL;
//Cookie數據的接收協議
/*
枚舉如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy) {
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways,//接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever,//不接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain//只接收主文檔域的Cookie信息
};
*/
@property NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy cookieAcceptPolicy;
與Cookie相關的通知:
//Cookie數據的接收協議改變時發送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerAcceptPolicyChangedNotification;
//管理的Cookie數據發生變化時發送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerCookiesChangedNotification;
NSHTTPCookie的方法和屬性介紹
NSHTTPCookie
就是Cookie對象。
//下面兩個方法用于對象的創建和初始化 都是通過字典進行鍵值設置
- (nullable instancetype)initWithProperties:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)properties;
+ (nullable NSHTTPCookie *)cookieWithProperties:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)properties;
//返回Cookie數據中可用于添加HTTP頭字段的字典
+ (NSDictionary<NSString *, NSString *> *)requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:(NSArray<NSHTTPCookie *> *)cookies;
//從指定的響應頭和URL地址中解析出Cookie數據
+ (NSArray<NSHTTPCookie *> *)cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:(NSDictionary<NSString *, NSString *> *)headerFields forURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//Cookie數據中的屬性字典
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *properties;
//請求響應的版本
@property (readonly) NSUInteger version;
//請求相應的名稱
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *name;
//請求相應的值
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *value;
//過期時間
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *expiresDate;
//請求的域名
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *domain;
//請求的路徑
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *path;
//是否是安全傳輸
@property (readonly, getter=isSecure) BOOL secure;
//是否只發送HTTP的服務
@property (readonly, getter=isHTTPOnly) BOOL HTTPOnly;
//響應的文檔
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *comment;
//相應的文檔URL
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSURL *commentURL;
//服務端口列表
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *portList;
代碼:Cookie