iOS App開發中的Cookie
一、何為Cookie
Cookie是網站為了便是終端身份，保存在終端本地的用戶憑證信息。Cookie中的字段與意義由服務端進行定義。例如，當用戶在某個網站進行了登錄操作后，服務端會將Cookie信息返回給終端，終端會將這些信息進行保存，在下一次再次訪問這個網站時，終端會將保存的Cookie信息一并發送到服務端，服務端根據Cookie信息是否有效來判斷此用戶是否可以自動登錄。
二、iOS中進行Cookie管理的兩個類
iOS中進行HTTP網絡請求Cookie管理主要由兩個類負責，一個類是NSHTTPCookieStorage類，一個是NSHTTPCookie類。
1.NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage類采用單例的設計模式，其中管理著所有HTTP請求的Cookie信息，常用方法如下：
//獲取單例對象
+ (NSHTTPCookieStorage *)sharedHTTPCookieStorage;
//所有Cookie數據數組 其中存放NSHTTPCookie對象
@property (nullable , readonly, copy) NSArray *cookies;
//手動設置一條Cookie數據
- (void)setCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某條Cookie信息
- (void)deleteCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;
//刪除某個時間后的所有Cookie信息 iOS8后可用
- (nullable NSArray *)cookiesForURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//獲取某個特定URL的所有Cookie數據
- (void)removeCookiesSinceDate:(NSDate *)date NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
//為某個特定的URL設置Cookie
- (void)setCookies:(NSArray *)cookies forURL:(nullable NSURL *)URL mainDocumentURL:(nullable NSURL *)mainDocumentURL;
//Cookie數據的接收協議
/*
枚舉如下：
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy) {
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways,//接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever,//不接收所有Cookie信息
NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain//只接收主文檔域的Cookie信息
};
*/
@property NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy cookieAcceptPolicy;
系統下面的兩個通知與Cookie管理有關：
//Cookie數據的接收協議改變時發送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerAcceptPolicyChangedNotification;
//管理的Cookie數據發生變化時發送的通知
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerCookiesChangedNotification;
2.NSHTTPCookie
NSHTTPCookie是具體的HTTP請求Cookie數據對象，其中屬性方法如下：
//下面兩個方法用于對象的創建和初始化 都是通過字典進行鍵值設置
- (nullable instancetype)initWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;
+ (nullable NSHTTPCookie *)cookieWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;
//返回Cookie數據中可用于添加HTTP頭字段的字典
+ (NSDictionary *)requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:(NSArray *)cookies;
//從指定的響應頭和URL地址中解析出Cookie數據
+ (NSArray *)cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:(NSDictionary *)headerFields forURL:(NSURL *)URL;
//Cookie數據中的屬性字典
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDictionary *properties;
//請求響應的版本
@property (readonly) NSUInteger version;
//請求相應的名稱
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *name;
//請求相應的值
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *value;
//過期時間
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *expiresDate;
//請求的域名
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *domain;
//請求的路徑
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *path;
//是否是安全傳輸
@property (readonly, getter=isSecure) BOOL secure;
//是否只發送HTTP的服務
@property (readonly, getter=isHTTPOnly) BOOL HTTPOnly;
//響應的文檔
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *comment;
//相應的文檔URL
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSURL *commentURL;
//服務端口列表
@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSArray *portList;
三、清除Cookie
清除所有的cookie 方法：
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
if (url) {
NSArray *cookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:url];
for (int i = 0; i < [cookies count]; i++) {
NSHTTPCookie *cookie = (NSHTTPCookie *)[cookies objectAtIndex:i];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];
}
清除某一個特定的cookie方法：
NSArray * cookArray = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:[NSURL URLWithString:self.loadURL]]; NSString * successCode = @""; for (NSHTTPCookie*cookie in cookArray) { if ([cookie.name isEqualToString:@"cookiename"]) { [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie]; } }
清除某一個url緩存的方法：
[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeCachedResponseForRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]];
清除所有緩存方法：
[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeAllCachedResponses];
引用或相關資料：
http://www.jb51.net/article/88173.htm
iOS關于Cookie驗證登錄狀態
1、第一次進入應用，登錄獲取Cookie，此時如果用到的是AFN去獲取接口數據，Cookie已經寫入了，所以無需處理，每次請求的時候，會自動將該cookie傳給后臺去驗證
2、將Cookie緩存到本地：
NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey:@"Cookie"];
[defaults synchronize];
3、當第二次進入應用的時候，先判斷NSUserDefault是否有緩存的Cookie，如果有，需要將cookie寫入，然后進入應用
NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Cookie"]];
NSHTTPCookieStorage * cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie * cookie in cookies){
[cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];
}
4、當用戶選擇退出登錄，需要清除緩存中的cookie，同時要將NSUserDefault中的Cookie刪除
（1）清除請求頭中的Cookie：
NSHTTPCookieStorage *manager = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSArray *cookieStorage = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookieStorage) {
[manager deleteCookie:cookie];
}
（2）清除NSUserDefault中的Cookie
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] removeObjectForKey:@"Cookie"];
[defaults synchronize];
注意：關于Cookie還有有效期，就看后臺怎么定義，前端只要判斷是否過了有效期，如果過了有效期，如果過了有效期，就需要用戶重新登錄，反之則不需要
iOS UIWebView 通過 cookie 完成自動登錄
1、相關介紹
iOS在UIWebView中獲取的cookie的方法：NSHTTPCookieStorage* nCookies = [NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];
再具體獲取某個域的cookie：NSArray* cookiesURL = [nCookiescookiesForURL:[NSURLURLWithString:@"你的URL"]];
通過[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:userCookie]方法將cookies來保存起來，但是這樣雖然可以保存cookies但是你應用退出之后還是會丟失(其實是cookies過期的問題)，做好的方法是把cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起來.
2、實現
1.在UIWebView的代理方法中實現獲取cookies并將cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起來：- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView中寫入
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView{
NSArray*nCookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]cookies];
for(NSHTTPCookie*cookieinnCookies){
if([cookieisKindOfClass:[NSHTTPCookieclass]]){
if([cookie.nameisEqualToString:@"PHPSESSID"]) {
NSNumber*sessionOnly =[NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.sessionOnly];
NSNumber*isSecure = [NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.isSecure];
NSArray*cookies = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie.name, cookie.value, sessionOnly, cookie.domain, cookie.path, isSecure,nil];
[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]setObject:cookiesforKey:@"cookies"];
break;
}
}
}
}
2.獲取cookies：運行之后，UIWebView加載url之前獲取保存好的cookies，并設置cookies，
NSArray*cookies =[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]objectForKey:@"cookies"];
if(cookies.count>0) {
NSMutableDictionary*cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:0]forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:1]forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:3]forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:4]forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
NSHTTPCookie*cookieuser = [NSHTTPCookiecookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];
[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookieuser];
}
注意：要在[self.webView loadRequest:req];之前設置獲取cookies！
iOS AFNetworking中cookie重定向代碼
// 1. 取出需要同步的url (登錄請求中返回的重定向地址)
BESTHttpItem *httpItem = [BESTHttpHelper sharedHelper].curHttpItem;
NSString *url = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/#/login", httpItem.frontend_addr];
// 2. 取出當前的headerFields
NSDictionary *headerFields = [NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:self.cookies];
// 3. 替換cookie地址
[NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:headerFields forURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
ios 網絡通信過程cookie的使用
今天做項目接口需要用到http通信傳輸將數據傳存儲到cookie進行通信，在網上找了一些方法，都是關于如何操作cookie的，明確指出如何將cookie配置到http請求體內的blog不多，現在說明如下：
在進行一個網絡通信之后設備就會產生Cookie數據：
如果獲取的Cookie為空，那么發起一個網絡請求即可產生Cookie；
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];for(NSHTTPCookie *cookiein[cookieJar cookies]) {? NSLog(@"%@", cookie);}
獲取所有Cookie然后刪除；
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];NSArray*_tmpArray = [NSArrayarrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];for(idobj in _tmpArray) {? ? [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];? }
設置指定的Cookie,這樣做只會設置Cookie到系統，在進行網絡請求的時候并不會帶著Cookie到服務端，這是很多blog未提及的；
NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"username"forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"password"forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"io"forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"com"forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"0"forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];? [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookie];
上面說了Cookie的一些操作，現在對如何在請求中帶著cookie通信
1:蘋果自帶網絡請求庫攜帶cookie通信
//Cookie的基本設置? ? NSDictionary *properties = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];? ? [propertiessetValue:cookieValueforKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? ? [propertiessetValue:cookieKeyforKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? ? [propertiessetValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? ? [propertiessetValue:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60]forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];? ? [propertiessetValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? ? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];? ? NSArray *cookies=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];? ? NSDictionary *headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];? ? //將cookie塞進Request請求? ? NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:pathStr];? ? NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];? ? request.timeoutInterval = self.timeoutInterval;? ? [requestsetValue:@"application/json"forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];? ? [requestsetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"]forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
這樣就可以把cookie帶到服務端進行通信了；
2:AFN攜帶cookie通信
同樣，關于AFN如何攜帶cookie進行通信，網上的一些資料說的不是很明確，現說明如下：
NSString*cookieValue = @"AQIC5wM2LY4SfcxpzbIz4Pm51J82O5VFMd50x_es65I1DNU.*AAJTSQACMDEAAlNLABM1NjQ2MDM4ODMzNDI0NDkxOTcy*,JSESSIONID=50B3DDCD8ADDA7ACB3E5C36EFD0BB62F";NSString*cookieKey = @"iPlanetDirectoryPro";//Cookie的基本設置NSDictionary*properties = [[NSMutableDictionaryalloc] init];? ? [properties setValue:cookieValue forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];? ? [properties setValue:cookieKey forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];? ? [properties setValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];? ? [properties setValue:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];? ? [properties setValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];? ? NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];NSArray*cookies=[NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];NSDictionary*headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];NSMutableDictionary*dic = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];? ? [dic setObject:tokenIdValue forKey:tokenIdKey];? ? AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];//將Cookie綁定request請求[manager.requestSerializersetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];? ? [manager GET:urlString parameters:dic success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,idresponseObject) {? ? } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,NSError*error) {? ? }];
上述2種方式親測可行；
