Day 1:
1、perpetual 【p?r'pet?u?l】
adj.不間斷的；持續(xù)的；長(zhǎng)久的continuing or enduring forever
一再反復(fù)的；無(wú)盡無(wú)休的frequently repeated, in a way that is annoying
eg:How can I work with these perpetual interruptions??打擾不斷，讓我怎么工作？
She's a perpetual student. ?她是個(gè)終身學(xué)習(xí)者。
n.四季開(kāi)花的植物；多年生草a perennial planta ;hybrid rose that is perpetual.
Related forms
perpetuality,perpetualness,(noun)
2、empirical [im?pirik(?)l]
adj.以實(shí)驗(yàn)（或經(jīng)驗(yàn)）為依據(jù)的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories
eg:Thinking and maintain a certain distance from the object can change the kind of empirical obsession. 思想者與對(duì)象保持一定的距離可以改變那種經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的執(zhí)迷。
Related forms: ? ?antiempirical,（adj）
empiricalness,(n)
Synonyms:? practical, firsthand, pragmatic.
3、pick holes in
找…碴兒[漏洞]；對(duì)…吹毛求疵；批評(píng)
eg:It is possible to pick holes in all these arguments.這些觀點(diǎn)中都可能有漏洞。
You are trying to pick holes in our work.你就想挑我們工作上的毛病。
4、falsify ['f?ls?.fa?]
V.~sth篡改，偽造（文字記錄、信息）to change a written record or information so that it is no longer true
eg:In fact,Science needs to be repeating test,verify and falsify.事實(shí)上，科學(xué)需要重復(fù)測(cè)試，驗(yàn)證和偽造。
5、hypothesis [ha?'pɑθ?s?s]
n.[c]（有少量事實(shí)依據(jù)但未被證實(shí)的）假說(shuō)，假設(shè)an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
eg:to formulate/confirm a hypothesis提出/證實(shí)假設(shè)
[u]（憑空的）猜想，猜測(cè)guesses and ideas that are not based on certain knowledge
eg:A suggested explanation,so long as its correctness is still in doubt,is called a hypothesis.提出來(lái)的解釋?zhuān)灰恼_性仍然有疑問(wèn)，便稱(chēng)為假說(shuō)
6、speculative ['spekj?l?t?v]
adj.推測(cè)的；猜測(cè)的；推斷的based on guessing or on opinions that have been formed without knowing all the facts
投機(jī)性的；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的done in the hope of making a profit but involving the risk of losing money
eg.Bear in mind that these directions of current are speculative at this point.記住，這些電流的方向在這一點(diǎn)是推測(cè)的。
Moreover,not all the buying is the result of stockpiling and speculative demand.而且，并非所有的買(mǎi)盤(pán)都是儲(chǔ)存和投機(jī)性需求的結(jié)果。
7、long-held 根深蒂固的；長(zhǎng)期持有的
crash down 下跌；倒坍
eg:Long held beliefs require a fresh examination in order for you to move forward.長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持的信仰需要一個(gè)全新的審查以便是你向前邁進(jìn)。
I feel the waves crash down inside.我感覺(jué)內(nèi)心驚濤拍岸。
8、outlook
n.~ (on sth)觀點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)解；世界觀；人生觀the attitude to life and the world of a particular person, group or culture
~ (for sth)前景；可能性the probable future for sb/sth; what is likely to happen
景色；景致；景觀a view from a particular place
eg:The outlook for jobs is bleak.?就業(yè)市場(chǎng)前景暗淡。
He had a practical outlook on life.他的人生觀很實(shí)際。
The house has a pleasant outlook over the valley.房子俯瞰山谷，景色宜人。
v.瞪著看；瞧；以目光壓倒(對(duì)方)；比…好看
Thesarus:oint of view,perspective
9、eclipse[?'kl?ps]
n.[c]日食；月食
[sing][u]（重要性、權(quán)勢(shì)等的）喪失，黯然失色，暗淡
eg:an eclipse of the sun/moon日食；月食
Her work was in eclipse for most of the 20th century.她的作品在 20 世紀(jì)大部分時(shí)間里都湮沒(méi)無(wú)聞。
v.[oftpass]~ sth遮住…的光to cause an eclipse
~ sb/sth?使失色；使相形見(jiàn)絀；使喪失重要性to make sb/sth seem dull or unimportant by comparison
eg:Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.他雖是個(gè)天才運(yùn)動(dòng)員，但與他的哥哥相比就黯然失色了。
10、trace
v.~ sb/sth (to sth)查出；找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)；追蹤
We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.她能把本族家譜追溯到 16 世紀(jì)。
sth (back) (to sth)追溯；追究?
She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century.我們終于追查到他在芝加哥的一個(gè)地址。
~ sth (from sth) (to sth)描繪（事物的過(guò)程或發(fā)展）；追述；記述
Her book traces the town's history from Saxon times to the present day.她的書(shū)描述的是這個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)從撒克遜時(shí)代到現(xiàn)在的歷史。
~ sth (out)畫(huà)（線）
She traced a line in the sand.她在沙地上畫(huà)了一條線。
~ sth繪出，勾畫(huà)出（輪廓）
He traced the route on the map.他在地圖上勾畫(huà)出了路線。
~ sth（用透明紙覆蓋在地圖、繪畫(huà)等上）復(fù)制，描摹
n.[c][u]痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡
[c]~ of sth微量；少許
[c]描記圖；軌跡；跡線；掃描線
[c]~ on sb/sth（對(duì)信息的）跟蹤，追蹤
[c][usupl]挽繩；套繩
eg:The police ran a trace on the call.警察對(duì)那次通話進(jìn)行了追蹤。
She spoke without a trace of bitterness.她說(shuō)話時(shí)一點(diǎn)兒也不傷感。
11、ingenious
adj.精巧的；新穎獨(dú)特的；巧妙的very suitable for a particular purpose and resulting from clever new ideas
心靈手巧的；機(jī)敏的；善于創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的having a lot of clever new ideas and good at inventing things
eg:She's very ingenious when it comes to finding excuses.她很善于找借口。
an ingenious device精巧的裝置
Thesarus:inventive,imaginative
12、flourish['fl?r??]
v.[i]繁榮；昌盛；興旺
Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate.在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)氣候下，很少有企業(yè)興旺發(fā)達(dá)。
[i]茁壯成長(zhǎng)；健康幸福
These plants flourish in a damp climate.這些植物在潮濕的氣候下長(zhǎng)勢(shì)茂盛。
[t]~ sth（為引起注意）揮舞
n.（為引起注意的）夸張動(dòng)作;給人深刻印象的行動(dòng)；令人難忘的方式;（講話或文章的）華麗辭藻，修飾;（尤指手寫(xiě)體的）裝飾曲線；花彩字;花彩號(hào)聲
a speech full of rhetorical flourishes滿篇華麗辭藻的演講
He opened the door for her with a flourish.他做了一個(gè)夸張動(dòng)作為她開(kāi)了門(mén)。
13、exquisite ?['ekskw?z?t]
adj;精美的；精致的;劇烈的；
微妙的；雅致的；敏銳的；敏感的delicate and sensitive
The room was decorated in exquisite taste.這個(gè)房間的裝飾情趣高雅。
exquisite pain/pleasure劇烈的疼痛；極大的快樂(lè)
14、illustration [.?l?'stre??(?)n]
n.{c}（書(shū)、雜志等中的）圖表，插圖
{u}圖解；圖示；例釋
{c}{u}（說(shuō)明事實(shí)的）故事，實(shí)例，示例
eg:The statistics are a clear illustration of the point I am trying to make這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字清楚地闡明了我要陳述的要點(diǎn)。
the art of book illustration書(shū)籍插圖的藝術(shù)
15、combustion 【k?m'b?st?(?)n】
n.燃燒：（快速）氧化
eg:Soot is usually the product of the imperfect combuetion of fuel.煤煙通常是燃料不完全的燃燒的產(chǎn)物。
16、discredit?
v.~sb/sth敗壞…的名聲；使喪失信譽(yù)；使丟臉
a discredited government/policy? 名聲掃地的政府；失去信譽(yù)的政策
~ sth使不相信；使懷疑；使不可置信
These theories are now largely discredited among linguists.這些理論現(xiàn)已大多受到語(yǔ)言學(xué)家的質(zhì)疑。
n.[u]名譽(yù)喪失；信譽(yù)喪失；丟臉
Violent football fans bring discredit on the teams they support.狂暴的足球迷敗壞了他們所支持球隊(duì)的聲譽(yù)。
17、periodic [.p?ri'ɑd?k]
adj:間發(fā)性的；定期的；周期的happening fairly often and regularly
eg:Periodic checks are carried out on the equipment.設(shè)備定期進(jìn)行檢查。
18、precision
n.精確；準(zhǔn)確；細(xì)致
adj:精確的
eg:Historians can't estimate the date with any (degree of) precision .歷史學(xué)家無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確估算這個(gè)日期。
19.reveal
v.揭示，顯示，透露
n.啟示；【建】窗側(cè)壁；門(mén)側(cè)；(汽車(chē)的)窗框
eg:Salted peanuts were recently revealed to be the nation's favourite snack.最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，咸味花生是該國(guó)最受人喜愛(ài)的小吃。
She crouched in the dark, too frightened to reveal herself.她蜷縮在黑暗中，嚇得不敢露面。
20、daunt [d??nt]
v.~sb使膽怯；使氣餒；使失去信心
eg:She was a brave woman but she felt daunted by the task ahead.她是一個(gè)勇敢的女人，但對(duì)面前的任務(wù)卻感到信心不足。
IDM ?
nothing daunted 無(wú)所畏懼；毫不氣餒
eg:Nothing daunted, the people set about rebuilding their homes.人們毫不氣餒，又開(kāi)始重建家園。
Day 2:MindMap
Day 3:
(1)心得：
The first day,看到老師的建議是，閱讀文章大約30min,單詞查閱45min，原以為follow Annie老師的方法可以高效的完成task，however too young too simple,查閱單詞用了3個(gè)小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間。生詞量大于20，但每個(gè)單詞都查閱也不是一個(gè)高效的方法。想摘取英英釋義，改變只看中文意思的思維，All things are difficult before they are easy.接下來(lái)一個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練希望能堅(jiān)持and more carefully學(xué)習(xí)，擴(kuò)展詞匯，延伸出更多分支。
The second day,思維導(dǎo)圖的整理也是耗費(fèi)了一下午的腦細(xì)胞，先參考安妮老師的邏輯思維圖，自己嘗試完成作業(yè)后，再借鑒安妮老師的圖，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多細(xì)節(jié)上還是沒(méi)有做到位。在時(shí)間序列內(nèi)容的安排上，自身更注重將科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)列入邏輯中，但很多小細(xì)節(jié)，實(shí)驗(yàn)，并沒(méi)有列舉上去，安妮老師對(duì)the scientific method的整理也更加深入。keep on going
（2）對(duì)《科學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史》的心得
INTRODUCTION部分中，講述了亞里士多德relyed on empirical thoughts and argument，and did no experiments，因此a number od his thoughts were wrong,however nobody douted it.直到伽利略推翻了亞里士多德的想法。緊接著講述科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法，科學(xué)是建立在reasoning,observation and experiments的系統(tǒng)上，逐漸發(fā)展出一系列的理論。Science is an ongoing search fur truth-a perpetual struggle。埃德蒙多·哈雷 Halley, Edmond在1682年發(fā)現(xiàn)彗星，預(yù)測(cè)它的回歸，也正如他所料。盧瑟福的“金箔實(shí)驗(yàn)”提出了原子結(jié)構(gòu)模型，Nicolaus Copernicus哥白尼的日心說(shuō)，羅伯特·波義耳(Robert Boyle）的The Sceptical Chemist標(biāo)志著近代化學(xué)的開(kāi)始，達(dá)爾文的重力學(xué)說(shuō)，電流，電子……新興物體的發(fā)現(xiàn)伴隨著一個(gè)又一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，前人的理論，后人的disprove。推翻人們long-held思想及其不容易，開(kāi)拓新領(lǐng)域，一步步奠基新時(shí)代的誕生。如今的時(shí)代，DNA克隆，電腦，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的廣泛應(yīng)用，深入研究仍在持續(xù)。但這不是終點(diǎn)，誰(shuí)能說(shuō)未來(lái)就只是如今這個(gè)模樣。或許有比互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更厲害的role出現(xiàn)，生物學(xué)的發(fā)展可以給人們帶來(lái)更多的希望，或許人們還能重新證明過(guò)去的Theory。正如文章結(jié)尾所說(shuō)，It seems likely that there will always be ?more questions than answers,but future discoveries will surely continue to amaze.?
知識(shí)淺薄的我難以徹底領(lǐng)悟科學(xué)的奧妙，現(xiàn)在仍沒(méi)有研讀徹底《科學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史》這篇文章。正如安妮老師所說(shuō)“這類(lèi)文章恰恰是what we need to know, it?talks about our understanding as mankind of the world we live in.如果對(duì)基礎(chǔ)物理世界不了解，你對(duì)抽象的概念也是空中樓閣”。科學(xué)類(lèi)的文章讀來(lái)枯燥，確也是我們極其缺乏的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。因?yàn)閷?duì)其不感興趣所以對(duì)其避而不見(jiàn)，不愿深入精讀。I think we should broaden our eyes.要逃出象牙塔，接受更廣大的世界。
（3）群消息摘抄
Rutherford?scattering 那個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)直線居然穿堂而過(guò)，不帶走一片葉子。人們以前以為原子和原子擠擠挨挨地呆在一起，于是Rutherford 用alpha粒子轟金箔，想要判斷粒子穿過(guò)薄薄的金箔原子后的偏離角度，因?yàn)樗苿?dòng)了一下接收alpha例子的熒光板，發(fā)現(xiàn)了原子核的結(jié)構(gòu)。說(shuō)明金箔大多數(shù)地方是空的。
理科不好學(xué)所以學(xué)文去了？所以我們的人文總是這么低迷，因?yàn)榇蠹覞撘庾R(shí)里把它放在智力金字塔的下面，這是完全本末倒置的。如果不喜歡抽象思維、邏輯推理，文科也是學(xué)不好的。為了追求升學(xué)率一手改變了人家的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)和人生：）
Chinese culturealways wants to jump ahead and transcend from the material body the soul/spiritresides in and explore what is going on in a metaphysical world. But thewestern philosophers descended from celestial considerations to the matter ofmaterial structure over time.我們一路形而上，最后被幾根鴉片壓垮，他們一路形而下，造出了原子彈。
If you see excellence, try?to observe it as closely as possible, you will grow to be like that。
要多用英文的思維方式思考。想達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)，第一步：拋棄英漢詞典。用英文思維理解英語(yǔ)，而不是靠漢語(yǔ)翻譯。
我覺(jué)得最大的學(xué)習(xí)秘密就是模仿
