接觸 Swift 已經(jīng)一年了,可是公司的項目還是不能用 Swift 來寫。最近組長讓我整理一些 Swift 的東西,做個內(nèi)部分享,這是第一篇(以 2015年7月21 Swift2.0 版本為準)。
Swift 的操作運算符也是分為:一元、二元、三元。
一元 | 二元 | 三元 |
---|---|---|
+ (正)- (負) ! (非) ++ (自增) -- (自減) |
算數(shù)運算符:+ ,- ,* ,/ , % 復合運算符:+= , -= , *= , /= , %=
|
a > b ? a : b |
賦值運算符:
let b = 10
var a = 5
a = b
// a is now equal to 10
和C語言不同的是:Swift 的賦值運算不會有返回值。比如:
let (x, y) = (1, 2) //聲明一個元組
// x is equal to 1, and y is equal to 2
if x = y {
//這里會報錯,因為 y 賦值給 x 不會有返回值,在 C 語言中,因為有返回值,可以判斷 x 是否為空,這里也體現(xiàn)了 Swift 語言的安全性
}
算數(shù)運算符:
1 + 2 // equals 3
5 - 3 // equals 2
2 * 3 // equals 6
10.0 / 2.5 // equals 4.0
求余運算符:
8 % 2.5 // equals 0.5 (注:和 C 語言不同的是 Swift 可以對浮點數(shù)進行求余)
自增、自減運算符:
++, -- (與 C 語言相同,不解釋)
一元加減操作符:
就是數(shù)學中的正負,不解釋。
let three = 3
let minusThree = -three // minusThree equals -3
let plusThree = -minusThree // plusThree equals 3, or "minus minus three"
let minusSix = -6
let alsoMinusSix = +minusSix // alsoMinusSix equals -6
復合運算符:
+=, -=, *=, /=, %= (不解釋)
比較運算符:
1 == 1 // true, because 1 is equal to 1
2 != 1 // true, because 2 is not equal to 1
2 > 1 // true, because 2 is greater than 1
1 < 2 // true, because 1 is less than 2
1 >= 1 // true, because 1 is greater than or equal to 1
2 <= 1 // false, because 2 is not less than or equal to 1
使用例子:
let name = "world"
if name == "world" {
print("hello, world")
} else {
print("I'm sorry \(name), but I don't recognize you")
}
// prints "hello, world", because name is indeed equal to "world"
===
和 !==
恒等運算符:
let view1: UIView = UIView()
view1.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
let view2 = view1
view2.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor()
if view1 === view2 {
print("view1 恒等于 view2")
}
恒等于和恒不等于比較的是內(nèi)存地址。改變 view1 和 view2 的背景色并不改變內(nèi)存地址,所以 view1 恒等于 view2。恒不等就不再解釋。
三元運算符:
跟 C 語言一樣, 不解釋。
let contentHeight = 40
let hasHeader = true
let rowHeight = contentHeight + (hasHeader ? 50 : 20)
// rowHeight is equal to 90
等同于:
let contentHeight = 40
let hasHeader = true
var rowHeight = contentHeight
if hasHeader {
rowHeight = rowHeight + 50
} else {
rowHeight = rowHeight + 20
}
// rowHeight is equal to 90
可選值聯(lián)合運算符:
let defaultColorName = "red"
var userDefinedColorName: String? // defaults to nil
var colorNameToUse = userDefinedColorName ?? defaultColorName
// userDefinedColorName is nil, so colorNameToUse is set to the default of "red"
userDefinedColorName = "green"
colorNameToUse = userDefinedColorName ?? defaultColorName
??
操作符,先對可選值進行拆包,如果不為 nil 返回操作符前面的值,如果為空返回后者。
a ?? b 等價于 a != nil ? a! : b
范圍運算符:
1...5 是 1,2,3,4,5
1..<5 是 1,2,3,4
邏輯運算符:
與 C 語言的一樣。
非:
let allowedEntry = false
if !allowedEntry {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "ACCESS DENIED"
與:
let enteredDoorCode = true
let passedRetinaScan = false
if enteredDoorCode && passedRetinaScan {
print("Welcome!")
} else {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "ACCESS DENIED"
或:
let hasDoorKey = false
let knowsOverridePassword = true
if hasDoorKey || knowsOverridePassword {
print("Welcome!")
} else {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}
// prints "Welcome!"
高級操作:
按位操作符(~):
let initialBits: UInt8 = 0b00001111
let invertedBits = ~initialBits // equals 11110000
按位操作符就是對二進制的 0 和 1 進行取反,1變0,0變1.
按位與操作符(&):
let firstSixBits: UInt8 = 0b11111100
let lastSixBits: UInt8 = 0b00111111
let middleFourBits = firstSixBits & lastSixBits // equals 00111100
按位或操作符(|):
let someBits: UInt8 = 0b10110010
let moreBits: UInt8 = 0b01011110
let combinedbits = someBits | moreBits // equals 11111110
按位異或操作符(^):
let firstBits: UInt8 = 0b00010100
let otherBits: UInt8 = 0b00000101
let outputBits = firstBits ^ otherBits // equals 00010001
按位左移或右移運算符(<<、<<):
和C語言一樣,不解釋。
重載操作運算符:
Swift 運算符可以對基本數(shù)據(jù)類型和進行操作,是不能對結(jié)構(gòu)體進行操作的,如果想讓結(jié)構(gòu)體也能使用運算符進行操作,可以重載運算符。
struct Vector2D {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}
func + (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
return Vector2D(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y + right.y)
}
let vector = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 4.0)
let combinedVector = vector + anotherVector
// combinedVector is a Vector2D instance with values of (5.0, 5.0)
如果需要重載一個一元操作符,那需要添加關(guān)鍵字 prefix
or postfix
,比如重載負號。
prefix func - (vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
return Vector2D(x: -vector.x, y: -vector.y)
}
let positive = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let negative = -positive
// negative is a Vector2D instance with values of (-3.0, -4.0)
let alsoPositive = -negative
// alsoPositive is a Vector2D instance with values of (3.0, 4.0)
重載復合運算符:
func += (inout left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) {
left = left + right
}
var original = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
let vectorToAdd = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
original += vectorToAdd
// original now has values of (4.0, 6.0)
重載自增運算符:
prefix func ++ (inout vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
vector += Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
return vector
}
var toIncrement = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let afterIncrement = ++toIncrement
// toIncrement now has values of (4.0, 5.0)
// afterIncrement also has values of (4.0, 5.0)
注意:賦值運算符=
和三元運算符 a ? b : c
不能被重載。
重載==
運算符:
func == (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
return (left.x == right.x) && (left.y == right.y)
}
func != (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
return !(left == right)
}
let twoThree = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 3.0)
let anotherTwoThree = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 3.0)
if twoThree == anotherTwoThree {
print("These two vectors are equivalent.")
}
// prints "These two vectors are equivalent."
自定義運算符:
是的,你沒看錯,Swift可以自定義運算符。自定義的運算符可以在全局使用。需要使用operator
關(guān)鍵字。使用prefix
, infix
or postfix
標記運算符使用的位置。
prefix operator +++ {}
prefix func +++ (inout vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
vector += vector
return vector
}
var toBeDoubled = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 4.0)
let afterDoubling = +++toBeDoubled
// toBeDoubled now has values of (2.0, 8.0)
// afterDoubling also has values of (2.0, 8.0)
自定義操作符,可以定義操作符的關(guān)聯(lián)性associativity
和優(yōu)先級precedence
。associativity
有三個值:left, right, none
,默認是none
。precedence
默認值是:100
。
infix operator +- { associativity left precedence 140 }
func +- (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
return Vector2D(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y - right.y)
}
let firstVector = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
let secondVector = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let plusMinusVector = firstVector +- secondVector
// plusMinusVector is a Vector2D instance with values of (4.0, -2.0)
好了,下篇見~