題目

You need to construct a string consists of parenthesis and integers from a binary tree with the preorder traversing way.

The null node needs to be represented by empty parenthesis pair "()". And you need to omit all the empty parenthesis pairs that don't affect the one-to-one mapping relationship between the string and the original binary tree.

Example 1:
Input: Binary tree: [1,2,3,4]

     1
   /   \
  2     3
 /    
4     

Output: "1(2(4))(3)"

Explanation: Originallay it needs to be "1(2(4)())(3()())",
but you need to omit all the unnecessary empty parenthesis pairs.
And it will be "1(2(4))(3)".
Example 2:
Input: Binary tree: [1,2,3,null,4]

       1
     /   \
    2     3
     \  
      4 

Output: "1(2()(4))(3)"

Explanation: Almost the same as the first example,
except we can't omit the first parenthesis pair to break the one-to-one mapping relationship between the input and the output.

解題思路

1. 前序遍歷二叉樹，并輸出節點的值
2. 遍歷的過程中所有非空左右子樹需要加上圓括號
3. 如果右子樹為空，則圓括號忽略，左子樹為空，圓括號不能忽略

代碼

tree2Str.go

package _606_Construct_String_from_Binary_Tree

import "fmt"

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */

type TreeNode struct {
    Val   int
    Left  *TreeNode
    Right *TreeNode
}

func PreOrder(t *TreeNode, ret *string) {
    if nil == t {
        return
    }
    (*ret) += fmt.Sprintf("(%+v", t.Val)

    if nil == t.Left && nil != t.Right {
        (*ret) += "()"
    }

    PreOrder(t.Left, ret)
    PreOrder(t.Right, ret)
    (*ret) += ")"
}

func Tree2str(t *TreeNode) string {
    if nil == t {
        return ""
    }

    var ret string
    ret += fmt.Sprintf("%+v", t.Val)
    if nil == t.Left && nil != t.Right {
        ret += "()"
    }
    PreOrder(t.Left, &ret)
    PreOrder(t.Right, &ret)

    return ret
}

測試

tree2Str_test.go

package _606_Construct_String_from_Binary_Tree

import "testing"

func InitNode(val int, left *TreeNode, right *TreeNode) (ret *TreeNode){
    ret = new(TreeNode)
    ret.Val = val
    ret.Left = left
    ret.Right = right

    return ret
}

func TestTree2str(t *testing.T) {
    l3_1 := InitNode(4, nil, nil)

    l2_1 := InitNode(2, l3_1, nil)
    l2_2 := InitNode(3, nil, nil)

    input := InitNode(1, l2_1, l2_2)

    ret1 := Tree2str(input)
    want1 := "1(2(4))(3)"
    if ret1 == want1 {
        t.Logf("pass")
    } else {
        t.Errorf("fail, want %+v, get %+v", want1, ret1)
    }

    r3_1 := InitNode(4, nil, nil)

    r2_1 := InitNode(2, nil, r3_1)
    r2_2 := InitNode(3, nil, nil)

    input2 := InitNode(1, r2_1, r2_2)

    ret2 := Tree2str(input2)

    want2 := "1(2()(4))(3)"
    if ret2 == want2 {
        t.Logf("pass")
    } else {
        t.Errorf("fail, want %+v, get %+v", want2, ret2)
    }

    w6 := InitNode(6, nil, nil)
    w5 := InitNode(5, nil, w6)
    w4 := InitNode(4, nil, w5)
    w3 := InitNode(3, nil, w4)
    w2 := InitNode(2, nil, w3)
    input3 := InitNode(1, nil, w2)

    ret3 := Tree2str(input3)
    want3 := "1()(2()(3()(4()(5()(6)))))"
    if ret3 == want3 {
        t.Logf("pass")
    } else {
        t.Errorf("fail, want %+v, get %+v", want3, ret3)
    }

}