I. Words & Expressions
As a writer you must keep a tight rein on your subjective self-the traveler touched by new sights and sounds and smells-
rein n./v. ? (reinforce v. 加強)
n.one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse 韁繩（plura.）類似bridle
n.any means of control
【Phrases】?
1.give (full/free) rein to sth. 放任（情感）、對（思想）不加束縛
eg. He gave free rein to his imagination.
2.?give sb. a free rein ?（工作上）給予sb.絕對自由
3. keep a tight rein on sth.
eg. The finance director kept a tight rein on spending.
4. take/hand over the reins 掌權
eg. Oliver will officially take over the reins in a few days.
v.?stop or slow up one's horse or oneself by or as if by pulling the reins 用韁繩勒馬（使其慢行）
v.?control and direct with or as if by reins 開始對...嚴加控制
eg. The government is reining in public expenditure.
Nowhere else in nonfiction do writers use such syrupy words and groaning platitudes.
syrupy?
1. adj.overly sweet 糖膠狀的 ?
2. adj.too nice or kind in a way that seems insincere- use in order to show disapproval 太甜蜜/過于多情的
eg. His speech is full of syrupy words.
platitude ?
n.(formal)含貶義?If an executive gives a speech that begins, "This business is all about survival of the fittest. You need to burn the midnight oil and take one for the team," his employees might get sick of listening to these meaningless clichés and tell him to cut the?platitudes.
eg. His excuse is the paltitude,'' Boys will be boys''.
Half the sights seen in a day's sighting are quaint.
quaint
adj.?attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic) 奇特的、別致的、（尤指）古色古香的
Quaint?means strange and unusual in an old-fashioned and charming way. It's a word you'd use to describe a little store that sells tea cozies and antique tea services, or your grandmother's habit of calling the radio the "wireless."
eg. There was a quaint little village in Yorkshire.
Distill the important from the immaterial.
distill?
1. v. When youdistillsomething, you are boiling it down to its essence — its most important part. Whether it's alcohol or ideas, thedistilledpart is the most powerful.
蒸餾 distilled water?
2. (從植物中)提煉榨取
3.（從大量信息中）提煉 distill sth. into sth.
eg. The notes I have brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.
?I don't need to wax emotional or patriotic.
wax
?n.?any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water ?蠟、耳垢
v.?cover with wax 給...打蠟
v. 傷感/滔滔不絕/熱情的說（幽默說法） wax sentimental/eloquant/lyrical about...
eg.The journalists wax lyrical about the band.
v. （月亮）漸圓
v. wax and wane 興衰榮辱
eg. Interest in the show has waxed and waned.
II. Summary & Reflection
Next to knowing how to write about people, you should know how to write about a place. People and places are the twin pillars on which most nonfiction is built. Every human event happens somewhere, and the reader wants to know what that somwhere was like.
作者承接上一章節的如何寫訪談（寫人），在本章談到如何寫游記（寫景、敘事）。
"all" is what we don't want to hear. We only want to hear some.
在敘事時，勿要泛泛而談，而要有所側重突出，突出極富有特色的及區別他人或是被忽略的細節部分。不妨多問自己幾個問題：此次旅行與他人有何不同之處？可以通過閱讀此篇文章，想要告訴他們一些什么都不知道的？
As a writer you must?keep a tight rein?on your subjective self-the traveler touched by new sights and sounds and smells- and keep an objective eye on the reader.
The detail must be significant.
Distill the important from the immmaterial.
此外，在描寫細節部分，要注意不能偏題主題，細節部分要是t通過了刷選而且是有意義的。少用syrupy words and groaning paltitudes。
Find those distinctive traits.
Whatever place you write about, go there enough to isolate the qualities tha make it distinctive.
If it's a foreign city it will be a mixture of the ancient culture and the present populace. Try to find it.?
So when you write about a place, try to draw the best out of it.
有關取材，作者也給出了自己的建議，反復強調素材的distinctive。最好能夠融合過去的歷史文化內涵以及現如今流行的元素，并且能從中提取出最好的。
Finally, what brings a place alive is human activity: people doing the things that give ?a locale its character.
最后，寫景、敘事都離不開“人”。因“人”存在以及活動才變得能加 human warmth。
讀完本章，讓我想起沈復的《浮生六記》
是夜月色頗佳，俯視河中，波光如練，輕羅小扇，并坐小窗，仰見飛云過天，變態萬狀。
初中語文課本中《童趣》一文，就是選自《浮生六記》中的《閑情記趣》“夏蚊成雷，私擬作群鶴舞于空中”這樣的場景，讀到的時候應該會會心一笑吧，炙熱的夏天，電扇晃晃悠悠發出嗡嗡聲，小小的孩子在竹編的涼席上翻來覆去不睡覺，百無聊賴盯著蚊帳的洞眼，甚至看偷鉆進來的蚊子飛來飛去，這難道不是我們每個人的童年嗎？還有“張目對日，明查秋毫”，相信很多人小時候都這么干過。感覺自己要再去翻翻 《浮生六記》讀一讀了。
