官網 http://redis.io
中文網 http://redis.cn
命令參考 http://redisdoc.cn
Redis（Remote Dictionary Server）是一個開源的key-value內存存儲的NoSQL數據庫，具有非常強悍的讀寫性能，現階段正越來越多地被用于互聯網高并發場景。
1 安裝
1.1 Linux(CentOS 7.4)下yum方式安裝
yum install redis
1.2 手動編譯安裝
下載安裝redis 4.0.9至/usr/local/src目錄
wget -P /usr/local/src http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz
解壓至/opt/redis目錄
mkdir /opt/reids && tar xzvf /usr/local/src/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz -C /opt/redis
編譯安裝（需要依賴gcc）
cd /opt/redis/redis-4.0.9 && make MALLOC=libc
復制相關運行文件到/usr/local/bin目錄
make install
[可選]安裝后的測試（需要依賴tcl 8.5+）
make test
2 啟動
2.1 交互模式啟動
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-server
23173:C 26 Mar 16:13:02.365 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.2.3 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 23173
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 # Server started, Redis version 3.2.3
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds
23173:M 26 Mar 16:13:02.366 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379
2.2 后臺啟動
step 1：需要修改配置文件/etc/redis.conf
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
daemonize yes
step 2：使用配置文件啟動
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
3 客戶端連接
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379>
4 停止服務
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-shutdown
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
5 其它程序
redis通過yum方式安裝后，所有程序均位于/usr/bin目錄
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -l /usr/bin | grep redis
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 86832 8月 5 2016 redis-benchmark
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15408 8月 5 2016 redis-check-aof
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 975248 8月 5 2016 redis-check-rdb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 173344 8月 5 2016 redis-cli
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 3月 25 23:41 redis-sentinel -> redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 975248 8月 5 2016 redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 918 8月 5 2016 redis-shutdown
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
其中redis-benchmark可以用來測試redis的性能，官網給出的信息是redis的讀速度：110000次/s，寫速度：81000次/s
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-benchmark
====== PING_INLINE ======
100000 requests completed in 0.69 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
145137.88 requests per second
====== PING_BULK ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153846.16 requests per second
====== SET ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
99.97% <= 1 milliseconds
100.00% <= 1 milliseconds
153609.83 requests per second
====== GET ======
100000 requests completed in 0.64 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
156250.00 requests per second
====== INCR ======
100000 requests completed in 0.64 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
156006.25 requests per second
====== LPUSH ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153846.16 requests per second
====== RPUSH ======
100000 requests completed in 0.64 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
156985.86 requests per second
====== LPOP ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153374.23 requests per second
====== RPOP ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153374.23 requests per second
====== SADD ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
152671.77 requests per second
====== SPOP ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
154083.20 requests per second
====== LPUSH (needed to benchmark LRANGE) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153846.16 requests per second
====== LRANGE_100 (first 100 elements) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.64 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
99.97% <= 1 milliseconds
100.00% <= 1 milliseconds
155279.50 requests per second
====== LRANGE_300 (first 300 elements) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.64 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
99.99% <= 1 milliseconds
100.00% <= 1 milliseconds
155763.23 requests per second
====== LRANGE_500 (first 450 elements) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
154320.98 requests per second
====== LRANGE_600 (first 600 elements) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.65 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
153374.23 requests per second
====== MSET (10 keys) ======
100000 requests completed in 0.63 seconds
50 parallel clients
3 bytes payload
keep alive: 1
100.00% <= 0 milliseconds
159744.41 requests per second
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
6 配置文件
通過yum方式安裝后，redis的配置文件的位置為：/etc/redis.conf，包括前面提到的后臺啟動也是需要通過修改配置文件實現，配置項比較多，需要對redis有進一步了解
6.1 設置密碼
如果要限制連接redis必須使用密碼，需要配置requirepass選項：requriepass <password>
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
requirepass 123456
設置密碼后需要重啟服務，再連接redis-cli時會提示需要驗證授權，通過auth <password>命令驗證
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
(error) NOAUTH Authentication required.
127.0.0.1:6379> auth 123456
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379>
7 幫助
客戶端連接redis后，可以通過help獲取幫助，幫助信息里面給出了3種不同方式獲取幫助，具體用法其它章節會進一步描述
127.0.0.1:6379> help
redis-cli 3.2.3
To get help about Redis commands type:
"help @<group>" to get a list of commands in <group>
"help <command>" for help on <command>
"help <tab>" to get a list of possible help topics
"quit" to exit
To set redis-cli perferences:
":set hints" enable online hints
":set nohints" disable online hints
Set your preferences in ~/.redisclirc
8.常用命令
8.1查找匹配的key(支持通配符？*)
keys pattern
8.2鍵的總數
dbsize
8.3檢查鍵是否存在
exists key
8.4刪除鍵
del key
8.5設置鍵過期時間
expire key seconds
8.6查看鍵剩余過期時間
# 大于等于0的整數：鍵剩余的過期時間
# -1：鍵未設置過期時間
# -2：鍵不存在
ttl key
8.7鍵的數據類型
type key
