文檔走一波

Help on function sum in module numpy.core.fromnumeric:

sum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=<class 'numpy._globals._NoValue'>)
    Sum of array elements over a given axis.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like
        Elements to sum.
    axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
        Axis or axes along which a sum is performed.  The default,
        axis=None, will sum all of the elements of the input array.  If
        axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.
    
        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
    
        If axis is a tuple of ints, a sum is performed on all of the axes
        specified in the tuple instead of a single axis or all the axes as
        before.
    dtype : dtype, optional
        The type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the
        elements are summed.  The dtype of `a` is used by default unless `a`
        has an integer dtype of less precision than the default platform
        integer.  In that case, if `a` is signed then the platform integer
        is used while if `a` is unsigned then an unsigned integer of the
        same precision as the platform integer is used.
    out : ndarray, optional
        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have
        the same shape as the expected output, but the type of the output
        values will be cast if necessary.
    keepdims : bool, optional
        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
        the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.
    
        If the default value is passed, then `keepdims` will not be
        passed through to the `sum` method of sub-classes of
        `ndarray`, however any non-default value will be.  If the
        sub-classes `sum` method does not implement `keepdims` any
        exceptions will be raised.
    
    Returns
    -------
    sum_along_axis : ndarray
        An array with the same shape as `a`, with the specified
        axis removed.   If `a` is a 0-d array, or if `axis` is None, a scalar
        is returned.  If an output array is specified, a reference to
        `out` is returned.
    
    See Also
    --------
    ndarray.sum : Equivalent method.
    
    cumsum : Cumulative sum of array elements.
    
    trapz : Integration of array values using the composite trapezoidal rule.
    
    mean, average
    
    Notes
    -----
    Arithmetic is modular when using integer types, and no error is
    raised on overflow.
    
    The sum of an empty array is the neutral element 0:
    
    >>> np.sum([])
    0.0
    
    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.sum([0.5, 1.5])
    2.0
    >>> np.sum([0.5, 0.7, 0.2, 1.5], dtype=np.int32)
    1
    >>> np.sum([[0, 1], [0, 5]])
    6
    >>> np.sum([[0, 1], [0, 5]], axis=0)
    array([0, 6])
    >>> np.sum([[0, 1], [0, 5]], axis=1)
    array([1, 5])
    
    If the accumulator is too small, overflow occurs:
    
    >>> np.ones(128, dtype=np.int8).sum(dtype=np.int8)
    -128

所有的參數都是可選的(optional)，默認下都是取None。這里暫時只說明參數axis，其他的以后用到再補充。

看一個例子就懂了

c = array([[[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]],
           [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]]])

print('{0}\n'.format(c.shape))             

print('{0}\n'.format(c.sum()))             //①

print('{0}\n'.format(c.sum(axis=0)))       //②

print('{0}\n'.format(c.sum(axis=1)))       //③

print('{0}\n'.format(c.sum(axis=2)))       //④

結果

(2, 1, 6)

12

[[0, 2, 4, 0, 2, 4]]

[[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]
 [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]]

[[6]
 [6]]

①不帶參數，數組內的所有元素相加得到

②axis=0，在第一維度上執行相加，我們已經知道這個數組的shape，第一維度對應2個元素，所以是兩個元素的相加，即[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]和[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]相加，得到[0, 2, 4, 0, 2, 4]。

③axis=1，在第二維度上執行相加，第二維度對應1個元素，所以只有[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]自己玩加法，自然得到的還是自己咯

④axis=2，在第三維度上執行相加，第三維度對應6個元素，所以是6個元素的相加。

觀察到，執行完sum函數后，結果都降且僅降一個維度。