今天是21天充電計(jì)劃第八天
今天和大家聊一聊一些英語人稱代詞,名詞和介詞
一 、人稱代詞 物主代詞 反身代詞
二、介詞
英語中最常用的介詞,按照不同的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可分為以下幾類:
(1). 簡單介詞、復(fù)合介詞和短語介詞
①.簡單介詞是指單一介詞。如:
at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。
②. 復(fù)合介詞是指由兩個(gè)簡單介詞組成的介詞。如:
Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。
③. 短語介詞是指由短語構(gòu)成的介詞。如:
In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。
(2). 按詞義分類
{1} 表地點(diǎn)(包括動(dòng)向)的介詞。如:
About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。
{2} 表時(shí)間的介詞。如:
About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。
{3} 表除去的介詞。如:
beside , but, except等。
{4} 表比較的介詞。如:
As, like, above, over等。
{5} 表反對(duì)的介詞。如:
againt ,with 等。
{6} 表原因、目的的介詞。如:
for, with, from 等。
{7} 表結(jié)果的介詞。如:
to, with , without 等。
{8} 表手段、方式的介詞。如:
by, in ,with 等。
{9} 表所屬的介詞。如:
of , with 等。
{10} 表?xiàng)l件的介詞。如:
on, without , considering 等。
{11} 表讓步的介詞。如:
despite, in spite notwithstanding等。
{12} 表關(guān)于的介詞。如:
About, concerning, regarding ,with regard to, as for , as to
{13} 表對(duì)于的介詞。如:
to, for over , at , with 等。
{14} 表根據(jù)的介詞。如:
on, according to 等。
{15} 表其他的介詞。如:
for(贊成),without(沒有)等。
2. 介詞短語
(1).介詞短語的構(gòu)成 介詞之后出現(xiàn)的名詞、代詞或其他相當(dāng)于名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)、短語或從句叫介詞賓語。介詞短語是指介詞和介詞賓語構(gòu)成的短語。介詞短語的構(gòu)成主要有下面的形式:
{1} 介詞+名詞。如:
The headmaster lives near the school
校長住在學(xué)校附近。
{2} 介詞+名詞性從句。如:
I am curious as to what she will say.
我很想知道她想說什么。
{3} 介詞+代詞。如:
What do you know about him ?
關(guān)于他,你都知道些什么?
{4} 介詞+動(dòng)名詞短語或其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He is interested in swimming.
他對(duì)游泳感興趣。
The painter is keen on collecting coins
那位畫家喜歡收集硬幣。
There are no risk of you being late
你不會(huì)遲到的。
{5} 介詞+連接詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句或不定式。如:
Your success will largely depend upon how you do it.
你成功與否將主要取決于你怎樣做。
The teacher gave us a talk on how to study English .
老師給我們做了一個(gè)如何學(xué)英語的講座。
{6} 介詞+數(shù)詞。如:
Six from twelve is six
12減6等于6。
{7} 介詞+形容詞。如:
We know her of old
我們老早就認(rèn)識(shí)了她。
{8} 介詞+副詞。如:
They worked all day and had a hurried luch in between .
他們工作了一整天,中間匆匆吃了一頓飯。
(2). 介詞短語的作用
介詞短語在句中可作多種句子成分:
{1} 作主語。如:
From the library to the teaching building is a 5 minutes’ walk.
從圖書館到教學(xué)樓要走五分鐘。
{2} 作表語。如:
Are you for the plan?
你贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?
I was at my grandma’s yesterday.
我昨天在我奶奶家。
{3} 作賓語。如:
He gave me until tomorrow.
他給我的期限是到明天。
The dog came out from behind the tree..
狗從樹后出來。(behind the tree 作介詞from 的賓語)
{4} 作定語。如:
She is a woman of strong character.
她是位性格堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的女人。
The expert will give us a lecture on how to improve soil.
這個(gè)專家將給我們作一個(gè)如何改良土壤的講座。
{5} 作補(bǔ)語。如:
He woke up and found himself in hospital
他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。(in hospital作賓補(bǔ))
As a doctor ,he is always patient with the patients
作為一個(gè)醫(yī)生,他一貫對(duì)患者很耐心。(As a doctor 作主補(bǔ))
{6} 作狀語。如:
I wil be free on Tuesday morning.
星期二上午我有空。(時(shí)間狀語)
We’ll meet at the station .
我們將在火車站碰面。(地點(diǎn)狀語)
She covered her face with her hands and cried
她用雙手捂著臉哭。(方式狀語)
He left home and worked in a big city for the sake o f money .
他為了賺錢,離家到一個(gè)大城市工作。(目的狀語)
The tree died from want of water .
這棵樹因缺水而死。(原因狀語)
In spite of all his effort ,he failed
盡管他很努力,但還是失敗了。(讓步狀語)
No living thing can live without water.
生物離開水都無法生存。(條件狀語)
With the words, he came into the room他說著話就進(jìn)來了。(伴隨狀語)
To a great extent, it is not fair .
在很大程度上,這是不公平的。(程度狀語)
In general her works have been good, but this one is dreaful.
總的來說,她的作品很不錯(cuò),不過這篇很糟。?( in general 作評(píng)注性狀語)
It doesn’t seem ugly to me , on the contrary, I think it’s very beautiful.
我覺得它不丑,恰恰相反,我覺得它很美。(on the cntrary作連接性狀語)
介詞與其他詞類的固定搭配
介詞常常和形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成固定搭配,即某些詞的后面常要求特定的介詞以表示固定的意義。
(1).形容詞與介詞的固定搭配
形容詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 形容詞+about
Angry with對(duì)……生氣 anxious? about擔(dān)心 calm about對(duì)……很平靜
care bout小心 careless about粗心 certain about對(duì)……有把握
curious about對(duì)……好奇 sure about確信 doubtful about對(duì)……懷疑
enthusiastic about對(duì)……熱情的;熱心的 hopeful about對(duì)……抱希望
frank about對(duì)……坦白的;坦率的 incredulous about對(duì)……不相信
{2} 形容詞+at
clever at擅長于…… expert at對(duì)……熟練的 good at擅長于……
indignant at對(duì)……憤慨的 quick at做……敏捷 slow at 對(duì)……反應(yīng)慢
surprised at對(duì)……吃驚
{3} 形容詞+for
anxious for渴望的 eligible for有資格的 famous for因……而著名
fit for對(duì)某人適宜 hungry for對(duì)……渴望 late for遲到
possible for可能 qualified for有資格的 ready for準(zhǔn)備好
responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé) necessary for為……所必需
{4} 形容詞+from
absent from缺席 free from使……擺脫 prohibited from禁止某事物
safe from安全 detached from分開某物 different from與……不同
{5} 形容詞+in
absorbed in專心于 disappointed in對(duì)……失望 experienced in有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
expert in 在……熟練 fortunate in有幸 interested in對(duì)……感興趣
rich in富于;盛產(chǎn) successful in在……成功
{6} 形容詞+ of
afraid of害怕 ashamed of羞恥 aware of知道 certain of確信
fond of喜愛 guilty of有罪的 proud of驕傲 short of缺乏
sick of厭煩 tired of厭倦 worthy of值得
{7} 形容詞+to
contrary to與……相反 determined to有決心的 equal to等于
familiar to為……所熟悉 favourabel to對(duì)……有利 harmful to有害的
inclined to準(zhǔn)備做某事 indifferent to對(duì)……不在乎 similar to相似;相同
{8} 形容詞+with
angry with對(duì)……感到惱火 annoyed at對(duì)……煩惱 busy with忙于
crowded with擁擠 familiar with精通;熟悉 friendly with與……友好
nervouse with對(duì)……感到緊張 patient with對(duì)……有耐心 popularwith受歡迎
satified with對(duì)……滿意
{9} 形容詞+on
dependent on依靠 intend on堅(jiān)決;專心 keen on熱衷于某事物 severe on嚴(yán)格的
(2). 名詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 介詞+名詞。如:
at the cinema在電影院 at university上大學(xué)
from……point of view從某人的角度 for the sake of為了
in poerty 在窮困中 in earnest有決心的
on sale在出售 on the average平均的 on the contrary相反地
on the radio 通過收音機(jī) to some extent某種程度
to one’ssurprise讓某人吃驚 to one’sdelight讓某人高興
{2} 名詞+介詞。如:
dependence on依靠 independence on不依靠
discussion about/on關(guān)于……的討論 hundres on數(shù)以百計(jì)的
thousands of成千上萬的 influence on對(duì)……的影響
explanationof/for對(duì)……的解釋
half of……的一半
the idea of……的主意 lack of缺乏
proof of……的證據(jù) reason of……的原因
Responsibility for對(duì)……的責(zé)任 success in/at在……成功
(3). 動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 動(dòng)詞+介詞 agree with同意;贊同 arrive at到達(dá) arrive in到達(dá)
fall behind 落后 come from來自 sonsist of由……組成
get to到達(dá) hear from收到……來信 hear of聽說
laugh at嘲笑 listen to聽 look after照看;照料
look at看 look for尋找 look like看起來
{2} 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 catch up with趕上; 超過
do well in在……方面做得好 get on with與某人相處
go on with繼續(xù) take care of關(guān)心 take part in參加
這是其中一些,并不完整,接下來的充電行動(dòng)中我會(huì)繼續(xù)和大家分享英語小知識(shí)。