英語中有句諺語,叫作“Eat to live, not live to eat”。在漢語中,一般把它直譯為“吃飯是為了活著,但活著不是為了吃飯”。如果用英文解釋,則是“eating should not be your favorite activity, but something you do to maintain your health”。
實際生活中,我們也經常用會聽到這句諺語。例如,"Eat to live, not live to eat," was the doctor's advice to Tom, who was dangerously overweight.
“live”作動詞時,表示“生活”。生活對每個人都很重要,而“live”這個詞在很多英語習慣用語中也發揮著重要的作用。
我們來看一個句子:
But if it is to live up to its promise, countries will have to make full use of the mechanisms for ratcheting up emissions cuts and accelerating adaptation for decades to come.
這句話來著雜志《經濟學人》,意思大概是“但是,如果要達到這一承諾,國家必須充分利用調高排放和加速適應未來變化的機制”。
句中的“live up to”,似乎讓人有種“為了達到某個目標而努力活著”的感覺。是的,“live up to”的意思就是“達到;不辜負;無愧于”,即“to fulfill expectations; to satisfy a goal or set of goals”。
其實,“自己努力活著”還不是生活的最高境界。生活的最高境界,在于盡量不打擾別人的生活。
英語中,有一個類似的說法:live and let live,意思是“not to interfere with other people's business or preferences”,“自己活也讓別人活”,換句話說,就是“互不干擾”或“少管閑事”。
例如,I don't care what they do. Live and let live, I always say.
的確,有些人喜歡一個人生活,而有些人如果一個人生活,就有可能live hand to mouth。
“live hand to mouth”是什么意思呢?實際上,大家可以想想不到一歲的小孩經常吃手的情景。嬰兒幾乎一無所有,而父母也不可能滿足他們毫無節制的食欲。因此,在他們想吃東西時的時候,有時只能吃自己的手了。
因此,“live hand to mouth”就引申為“過著勉強糊口的生活”或“生活捉襟見肘”。如果用英文解釋,就是“to be extremely poor, having only enough money to provide food and shelter each month”。
例如,I had to live hand to mouth during most of college, since I could only get part-time jobs that paid minimum wage.