很多人不知道和外國人聊什么,其實衣食住行、娛樂就是很好的話題。最近我們項目掀起了學英語熱潮,無論是中午就餐、還是外出團隊活動,大家在餐桌上即興就學起了英語,因此我覺得很有必要整理一下相關內容。
我選了一些平時接觸比較多的菜肴,譯法參考《美食譯苑——中文菜單英文譯法》,之所以選取這本書是因為,長期以來,中文菜名的譯法多種多樣,并沒有統一、官方準確的翻譯方法,所以英文表達的中餐菜名往往很混亂。而本書由北京市外辦和市民講外語辦公室近日聯合出版,參與翻譯的專家不僅有北外、清華北大名校等的教授,還有外交部翻譯專家、英籍專家、駐外大使等人,準確、地道性不言而喻。
接下來讓我們開啟五分鐘了解中國飲食之旅吧~~~~
**1、烹飪方式 Cooking Style **
烹飪方法重點記住基本的幾個詞匯就可以了:蒸煮炒炸煎
蒸(steaming)
煮(boiling)
炒(stir-frying)
炸(deep-frying)
煎(pan-frying)
2、八大菜系 Eight famous cuisines/eight regional cuisines
(1)魯菜 Lu Cuisine (Shangdong cuisine)
特點:北方第一菜系,口味偏于咸鮮,菜量很大,要有一吃到底的心理準備。
代表:德州扒雞 Dezhou Stewed Chicken
(2)川菜:Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
特點:麻辣,注重調味,菜品多為經濟可口的大眾家常菜,風格樸實清新。
代表:魚香肉絲 Fish-flavored Shredded Pork (Sauteed Shredded Pork with Spicy Garlic Sauce)
回鍋肉 Twice Cooked Pork Slices (Sauteed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili)
(3)粵菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
特點:少而精,制作精細追求享受。
代表:白切雞 Sliced Boiled Chicken老火靚湯 Soup of the Day
(4)閩菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
多以海鮮為原料,選料精細、泡發恰當、調味精確、制湯考究。
佛跳墻(寓其味鮮美使廟中佛像都要跳出墻外來品嘗)Fotiaoqiang (the Buddha jumping over the wall)
(5)蘇菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
特點:從淮揚菜發展而來,以江河湖海水鮮為主,刀工精細。
代表:松鼠鱖魚 Squirrel-like Madarin Fish
(6)浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
特點:菜式精巧。
代表:西湖醋魚 Braised West Lake Fish with Vinegar
(7)湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
特點:酸辣。
代表:毛氏紅燒肉 Braised Pork, Mao's Family Style
(8)徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
特點:悄然沒落,其獨到之處集中體現在擅長燒、燉、熏、蒸類的功夫菜上。
代表:火腿燉甲魚 Stewed Soft-Shell Turtle with Ham
總的來說,就是:
南淡北咸:the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cuisine 或者the light flavor in the south, the salty flavor in the north.
東甜西辣:the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine 或者 the sweet flavor in the east and the spicy flavor in the west.
3、菜品分類 Types of Courses
(1)涼菜 Cold Dishes
拌黑木耳 Black Fungus in Sauce
夫妻肺片 Sliced Beef and Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce
醬牛肉 Beef in Brown Sauce
辣黃瓜條 Cucumber Strips with Spicy Sauce
酸甜泡菜 Sweet and Sour Pickled Vegetables
糖拌西紅柿 Tomato Slices with Sugar
炸花生豆 Deep-Fried Peanuts
(2)熱菜 Hot Dishes
百葉紅燒肉 Stewed Pork Cubes and Tofu Skin in Brown Sauce
脆皮乳豬 Roasted Crispy Suckling Pig
紅燒獅子頭 Braised Pork Ball in Brown Sauce
米粉肉 Steamed Sliced Pork Coated with Flour
四喜丸子 Braised Pork Balls in Gravy
糖醋排骨 Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs
蔥爆羊肉 Stir-Fried Sliced Lamb with Scallion
(3)湯羹粥煲 Soups,Congees & Casseroles
湯 Soup
白菜豆腐湯 Chinese Cabbage and Tofu Soup
番茄蛋花湯 Tomato and Egg Soup
羅宋湯/蘇伯湯 Russian/Borscht Soup
蘿卜煲排骨湯 Pork Rib and Turnip Soup
紫菜蛋花湯 Seaweed and Egg Soup
羹 Thick Soups
冰糖蓮子銀耳羹 Lotus Seeds and White Fungus Thick Soup with Rock Sugar
雪蛤?;矢?Hasma and Scallop Thick Soup
粥(Congees)
臘八粥 Congee with Nuts and Dried Fruits
皮蛋瘦肉粥 Congee with Minced Pork and Preserved Egg
小米粥 Millet Congee
煲 Casseroles
魚頭砂鍋 Stewed Fish Head in Casserole
(4)主食和小吃 Main Food & Snacks
炒面 Stir-Fried Noodles with Vegetables
蔥油餅 Baked Scallion Pancake
擔擔面 Noodles in Chili Sauce,Sichuan Style
蛋撻 Egg Tart
豆漿 Soy Beverage
豆沙包 Baozi Stuffed with Red Bean Paste
鍋貼 Guotie (Pan-Fried Dumplings)
雞蛋炒飯 Stir-Fried Rice with Egg
雞蛋韭菜水餃 Jiaozi Stuffed with Chinese Chives and Egg
雞湯面 Noodles in Chicken Soup
韭菜盒子 Chinese Chives Pancake
榴蓮酥 Crispy Durian Pastry
南瓜餅 Pumpkin Pancake
牛肉拉面 Hand-Pulled Noodle with Beef
最后當然不能忘了咱們南京的鹽水鴨:
鹽水鴨
salted duck
南京最負盛名的當屬鹽水鴨。廚師將鴨子用鹽、花椒和鹵水浸泡后放在加入米酒的水中煮熟,再切片食用。
Nanjing’s top billing is salted duck. The chef marinates the duck in salt, flower pepper and brine before boiling it in water and Chinese rice wine. It's served sliced.
到此為止,相信在餐桌上遇到熟悉的食物,被人問起英文名時,再也難不倒你了。