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Scrapy原理

Scrapy中的數(shù)據(jù)流由執(zhí)行引擎控制，其過(guò)程如下：
1.引擎打開(kāi)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站(open a domain)，找到處理該網(wǎng)站的Spider并向該Spider請(qǐng)求第一個(gè)要爬取的URL(s)
2.引擎從Spider中獲取到第一個(gè)要爬取的URL并在調(diào)度器(Scheduler)以Request調(diào)度。
3.引擎向調(diào)度器請(qǐng)求下一個(gè)要爬取的URL。
4.調(diào)度器返回下一個(gè)要爬取的URL給引擎，引擎將URL通過(guò)下載器中間件(請(qǐng)求(request)方向)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給下載器(Downloader)。
5.一旦頁(yè)面下載完畢，下載器生成一個(gè)該頁(yè)面的Response，并將其通過(guò)下載中間件(返回(response))發(fā)送給引擎。
6.引擎從下載器中接收到Response并通過(guò)Spider中間件(輸入方向)發(fā)送給Spider處理。
7.Spider處理Response并返回爬取到的item及(跟進(jìn)的)新的Request給引擎。
8.引擎將(Spider返回的)爬取到的item給item Pipeline，將(Spider返回的)Request給調(diào)度器
9.(從第二步)重復(fù)直到調(diào)度器中沒(méi)有更多地Request，引擎關(guān)閉該網(wǎng)站。

0x01 過(guò)反爬蟲(chóng)策略
1.設(shè)置延遲下載
download_delay參數(shù)，在settings.py文件中設(shè)置
2.禁止Cookie
在settings.py中設(shè)置COOKIES_ENABLES=False。也就是不啟用cookies middleware，不想web server發(fā)送cookies。
3.使用user agent池
修改settings.py配置USER_AGENTS和PROXIES
a)：添加USER_AGENTS
USER_AGENTS = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", ]
所謂的user agent，是指包含瀏覽器信息、操作系統(tǒng)信息等的一個(gè)字符串，也稱之為一種特殊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議。服務(wù)器通過(guò)它判斷當(dāng)前訪問(wèn)對(duì)象是瀏覽器、郵件客戶端還是網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲(chóng)。

4.使用IP池
web server應(yīng)對(duì)爬蟲(chóng)的策略之一就是直接將你的IP或者是整個(gè)IP段都封掉禁止訪問(wèn)，這時(shí)候，當(dāng)IP封掉后，轉(zhuǎn)換到其他的IP繼續(xù)訪問(wèn)即可。
b)：添加代理IP設(shè)置PROXIES
PROXIES = [ {'ip_port': '111.11.228.75:80', 'user_pass': ''}, {'ip_port': '120.198.243.22:80', 'user_pass': ''}, {'ip_port': '111.8.60.9:8123', 'user_pass': ''}, {'ip_port': '101.71.27.120:80', 'user_pass': ''}, {'ip_port': '122.96.59.104:80', 'user_pass': ''}, {'ip_port': '122.224.249.122:8088', 'user_pass': ''}, ]
代理IP可以網(wǎng)上搜索一下，上面的代理IP獲取自：http://www.xici.net.co/。

5.分布式爬取
采用分布式爬取。此處暫時(shí)不說(shuō)。

0x02 存儲(chǔ)
采用MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)爬取的漏洞數(shù)據(jù)。

代碼示例部分

pipelines.py文件中代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json
import codecs
import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings
from vuls360.items import Vuls360Item

class Vuls360Pipeline(object):
    '''
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = codecs.open('vul.json', 'wb', encoding='utf-8')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        line = json.dumps(dict(item)) + '\n'  
        self.file.write(line.decode("unicode_escape")) 
        return item
    '''

    def __init__(self):
        host = settings['MONGODB_HOST']
        port = settings['MONGODB_PORT']
        dbname = settings['MONGODB_DBNAME']  # 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名
        client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=host, port=port)
        tdb = client[dbname]
        self.port = tdb[settings['MONGODB_DOCNAME']]  # 表名

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        vul_info = dict(item)
        self.port.insert(vul_info)
        return item

settings.py文件中代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

BOT_NAME = 'vuls360'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['vuls360.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'vuls360.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'vuls360 (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'vuls360.middlewares.Vuls360SpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'vuls360.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 543,
}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'vuls360.pipelines.Vuls360Pipeline': 30,
}

#save to mongdodb
# MONGO_URI = 'mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017'
MONGODB_HOST = '127.0.0.1:'
MONGODB_PORT = 27017
MONGODB_DBNAME = 'vuls360'
MONGODB_DOCNAME = 'vuls360_info'

USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
]

爬蟲(chóng)文件代碼vuls.py:

class VulsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "vuls"
    allowed_domains = ["bobao.360.cn"]
    start_urls = ['http://bobao.360.cn/vul/index?type=all&page=']
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36',
    }

    def parse(self, response):
        start_urls = 'http://bobao.360.cn/vul/index?type=all&page='
        pages = response.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[3]/div/ul/li[8]/a/@href').extract()[0].split('=')[2]
        # for page in range(1,int(pages)+1):
        for page in range(1, 5):
            url = 'http://bobao.360.cn/vul/index?type=all&page={}'.format(page)
            # print url
            yield scrapy.Request(url, self.parse_detail)  # , headers=self.headers)

    def parse_detail(self, response):
        vuls = response.xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[3]/ul/li')
        # print vuls
        for vul in vuls:
            label_danger = vul.xpath('.//div/div/span/text()').extract()[0] if len( \
                vul.xpath('.//div/div/span/text()').extract()) else "null"
            yield {
                'url': 'http://bobao.360.cn' + vul.xpath('.//div/div/a/@href').extract()[0],
                'title': vul.xpath('.//div/div/a/text()').extract()[0],
                'label_danger': label_danger,
                'ori': vul.xpath('.//div/span[2]/text()').extract()[0],
            }

參考：
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/VRfQR3U
Scrapy的wiki資料
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/scrapy

定義user-agent池&****Scrapy HTTP代理
http://www.2cto.com/os/201406/312688.html
https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&tn=baidu&wd=scrapy%20agent&oq=scrapy%25E6%2589%25A9%25E5%25B1%2595&rsv_pq=fee1578b0000ca7a&rsv_t=6a10nCV%2Fwr3THCK7rFn%2FH8Pmru%2F%2FcsmS%2BBr8Y%2FeWNzi9dBSZjm5ZvNZOYqY&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_sug3=9&rsv_sug1=6&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&inputT=5409&rsv_sug4=5722
https://github.com/jackgitgz/CnblogsSpider

Scrapy存儲(chǔ)
http://blog.csdn.net/u012150179?viewmode=contents
使用MongoDB

#刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作
> use vuls360
switched to db vuls360
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "vuls360", "ok" : 1 }
#查看爬蟲(chóng)數(shù)據(jù)
> use vuls360
switched to db vuls360
> show collections
system.indexes
vuls360_info
> db.vuls360_info.find()

Scrapy默認(rèn)情況下深度優(yōu)先順序，也可以設(shè)置廣度優(yōu)先
DEPTH_PRIORITY = 1
SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.PickleFifoDiskQueue'
SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.FifoMemoryQueue'

xpath和selector選擇器的資料
http://www.cnblogs.com/lonenysky/p/4649455.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/sufei-duoduo/p/5868027.html
xpath和lxml的相關(guān)資料
http://cuiqingcai.com/2621.html

其他爬蟲(chóng)
https://www.figotan.org/2016/08/10/pyspider-as-a-web-crawler-system/

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美国产综合欧美视频

【Scrapy】繞過(guò)反爬蟲(chóng)策略和存儲(chǔ)（二）

【Scrapy】繞過(guò)反爬蟲(chóng)策略和存儲(chǔ)（二）

代碼示例部分

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三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美 国产 综合 欧美 视频

【Scrapy】繞過(guò)反爬蟲(chóng)策略和存儲(chǔ)（二）

代碼示例部分

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