Are you a giver or a taker?
貢獻者，就是為別人收益，幫助別人的人，這類人一般來說都是為了組織或者群體的考慮。而受益者，則是不斷收到別人幫助。
在社會中，一般都有三種人：一種是貢獻者，另一種是受益者，還有一種就是兩者兼有。一般都說，第一種還有第二種人都比較稀少，大多數人還是在第三種。因而，也有禮尚往來的說法，西方也有這種說法 "An eye for an eye" 只是在一條線上，有些人更多的趨向于貢獻者的一方，有些人更多的趨向于受益者一方。
Taker:
- what can I get from you?
- They always focus on what they get rather than considering other people or the organization
Giver:
- what can I give for you?
- They consider more about the generation, such as other people, which include feeling, and the organization or institution.
From questionnaire survey, they result as below:
an eye for an eye: most of the people are the matchers due to the reciprocal, which means that when they get something from others, they reply something back as the reward for developing a relationship or executing as ritual.
Result: givers receiver lowest-and-highest performance goal in their job life medication, selling or engineer project, which results in the medical student grades, low revenue from selling, and low outcomes from individual teamwork
reason: giver here prefer considering the organization or the other teammates more about their benefits and their goal rather than focusing on their personal work and their return from their work.
it doesn't mean that the givers are the bad and takers are good, takers' performance can rise and fall down immediately than the giver
- protect givers from burnout: they may overperform in helping people rather than their work
- encourage help-seeking: okay to be receiver as well; ask for help also
- keep the wrong people off the bus rather than get the right people on the bus
agreeable & disagreeable vs. giver & taker
- conscious their own goal while helping people
- pronoia: plotting your well-being
