Vagrant 是什么
Vagrant is a tool for building and distributing development environments.
Vagrant 是構建在虛擬化技術之上的虛擬機運行環境管理工具。通過 Vagrant 可以方便的實現對虛擬機的管理，包括建立和刪除虛擬機、配置虛擬機運行參數、管理虛擬機運行狀態、自動化配置和安裝開發環境、打包和分發虛擬機運行環境等。
Vagrant 的運行，需要依賴某項具體的虛擬化技術。由于 VirtualBox 是一項開源的虛擬化軟件，因此，在 Vagrant 開發的初期，唯一支持的是 VirtualBox。隨著虛擬化技術的快速發展，現在已經有了更多的虛擬化技術可供選擇。像 VMware 已經可以通過 Vagrant 的管理而工作。
因此，Vagrant 是虛擬機管理工具，不是某項具體的虛擬化技術。對于各項虛擬化技術而言，Vagrant 提供了一套基于配置文件和命令行的管理工具。也正因為如此，Vagrant 完成了對虛擬化技術在一定程度上的封裝。這為將虛擬化技術引入到基于桌面運行環境的開發工作流中創造了便利條件。
Vagrant 常用命令
-
vagrant box list：查看目前已有的 box -
vagrant box add：新增加一個 box -
vagrant box remove：刪除指定 box -
vagrant init：初始化配置 vagrantfile -
vagrant up：啟動虛擬機 -
vagrant halt：關閉虛擬機 -
vagrant reload： 重啟虛擬機 -
vagrant suspend：掛起虛擬機 -
vagrant resume：恢復虛擬機 -
vagrant status：查看虛擬機運行狀態 -
vagrant destroy：銷毀當前虛擬機 -
vagrant ssh：ssh 登錄虛擬機
Vagrantfile 配置文件
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
# 虛擬機主機名
config.vm.hostname = "ubuntu"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# 端口轉發設置
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# 私有網絡設置
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# 共享目錄設置
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# 虛擬機內存和CPU
vb.memory = "1024"
vb.cpus = 2
# 虛擬機名稱
vb.name = "ubuntu14_64"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# 分發升級 box
# 安裝新軟件時打開下面的命令，之后執行 `vagrant provision` 或者 `vagrant --provision` 命令
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
打包命令
vagrant package --output xxx.box
多主機
config.vm.define "web" do |web|
web.vm.box = "apache"
web.vm.hostname = "host-web"
web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.20"
web.vm.synced_folder "web", "/vagrant"
end
config.vm.define "db" do |db|
db.vm.box = "mysql"
db.vm.hostname = "host-db"
db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.30"
db.vm.synced_folder "db", "/vagrant"
end
遇到的問題
共享目錄設置失敗：
[default] No Virtualbox Guest Additions installation found.
報錯信息：
The following SSH command responded with a non-zero exit status.
Vagrant assumes that this means the command failed!
umount /mnt
Stdout from the command:
Stderr from the command:
umount: /mnt: not mounted
解決方案：
vagrant plugin uninstall vagrant-vbguest
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest --plugin-version 0.21
