先給個學生眼中看似不錯的分數。
距離第一次考6級已經有整7年了。
2009年第一次考六級，今年有幸以學生身份回到母校，又考了一次六級。當了幾年機構的培訓老師，難免有些自信心爆棚，結果聽力題型的改變著實讓我差點沒找到感覺，事實證明這次改革后的題目不太容易。 分數出來之后也證明了我的判斷，聽力整整比閱讀低了40分，充分說明聽力的訓練是不可以間斷的。這些年讀外文書、看外文報告沒有間斷，所以閱讀能力沒有下降，但是聽力確實大不如前，至少離2010年考托福時差了很遠（這里沒有任何自夸的意思，本人從事四六級教學6年，一直教的項目是四六級考研寫作）。
分析完分數之后，我仔細研究了一下新改革的六級聽力，得出了一些新改革題型的竅門：講座題。特別分享給聽力一直摸不著頭腦的考生。（以下內容摘自本人公眾號，個人感覺是市面比較詳細且踏實的解讀。）
第一部分
改革動向：
1. 取消短對話
2. 取消單詞及詞組聽寫
3. 短文聽力由3篇縮減至2篇
4. 新增講座、講話聽力（3篇）
調整后的六級聽力結構：
至此我們可知，新四六級聽力保留了長對話和短文聽力兩類題型，只在題目數量上有所調整，而此次主要的變動在于新增了四級的“短篇新聞聽力”和六級的“講座/講話聽力”，而且刪除掉了聽寫部分的題型。
第二部分
長對話聽力
1.長對話選材特點
有了充分的聽前預測，聽時的主要任務就是抓住考點，且掌握如下兩個原則：
首先，長對話后設的3-4個小題一般均勻地分布在對話的每個回合，極少出現某一個回合包含兩個考點的情況。這樣，我們在一個對話回合中找到一個考點后，剩余的部分就可不做詳聽，讓緊張的神經稍做放松，有利于將精力集中于下面的考點。
其次，考點的位置多是話輪轉換的時候。具體的說，就是對話一方某段發言的開頭和結尾部分，這也完全符合西方人的思維習慣，即在發言伊始多是開門見山，而在發言結尾處又總括強調。
例：
M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?
W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and I've been writing ever since. (22題考點)
M: Why did you choose to be an author?
W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23題考點)
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when I'm writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. (24題考點)
M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?
W: I've no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope I'll never find out. (25題考點) It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.
2.聽力技巧：
1）更多單詞或短語被讀到的選項就是正確選項
2）原文經常會把正確選項的詞用同義詞來替換
3）第一題經常對應原文第一句或第一回合
4）順序出題，邊聽邊做，不等問題。
5）一方詢問，另一方作答時，關鍵信息多出現在作答一方，考點自然也就多出于此。分清對話雙方的主次對于我們預測考點出現的位置很重要。
例：
23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.
B) She wants a much higher salary.
C) She is tired of her present work.
D) She wants to save travel expenses.
首先通過promotion, salary和work可得出本對話的大致主題是有關職業，再聯系兩次出現的wants,想到或許與求職有關，并順理成章地想到可能會談到離職的原因、新職位的性質以及薪酬等等。。
此后我們可對選項中較長的詞語做標注，如下劃線所示。通過聽錄音我們發現本題答案的對應信息在原文中是"I'm fed up with my job.", 正是"tired of"的同義置換。
第三部分
短文聽力
聽力技巧
.1.預覽選項，預測主題，區分文體。
在聽錄音之前，考生應將所有題目和選項瀏覽一遍，這樣可以對短文內容和文體有個大致的了解和判斷。通過縱向、橫向比較能發現一些解題的重要信息，如否定詞、轉折詞、重復出現的單詞和短語，這些都能夠幫助推斷短文內容及問題類型。很多的考查內容是有關細節的，選項中給出的正確答案與原文內容保持基本一致。同時，考生要特別注意試題的排列次序，因為這類題型常常是將小題按所對應的錄音材料內容的順序排列。如果沒有時間預先閱讀選項或時間不寬裕，考生可以邊聽錄音邊依次瀏覽選項，同時進行思考、答題。
比如：
1）選項均為by開頭.的介詞短語表明，本題可能考查做某事的方法或手段。
A.By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
B.By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
C.By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
D.By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
Q：How did Sam Azar manage to complete the sale?
2）選項均為動詞短語，其中的give birth to many new和change the lifestyle表明，本題可能考查某事帶來的影響。
A.Produce many low-tech fixes for high—tech failures.
B.Give birth to many new technological inventions.
C.Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
D.Affect the sales of high—tech appliances.
Q：What is today’s shaky economy likely to do?
2. 在聽短文時，要注意捕捉每篇文章或每一段開頭的一句話
因為它們往往是該篇或該段落的主題句，概括了文章的主要內容或對下文做出了重要提示。同時，要密切注意短文中事件發生的時間、地點、人物和情節這些要素，因為短文后的問題通常會以what, when, where, which, who, why, whose, how等疑問詞開頭。另外，考生要從整體上了解短文的中心內容，根據題目的要求把握主要情節或論點，在不影響聽的前提下做筆記，把回答問題的關鍵詞語及內容記錄下來。
3. 根據文章體裁尋找具體信息。
不同文體的文章其內容的側重點以及考題的偏重點也各不相同，所以考生在預測時最好估計一下文章的屬性，根據所設問題有針對性地去聽內容。如名人傳記類側重人物的出生年月、地點、家庭背景、個人經歷、突出貢獻及軼聞趣事等。說明文是用于說明事物的，它主要介紹事物的性質、特點、成因、形態和功能。所以在聽這類文章時，我們要注意“是什么”、“怎么樣”、“為什么”等具體信息。
4.注意標志性細節：邏輯詞。
聽力材料中出現的時間、數字、地點等信息以及表示原因和轉折關系的詞匯和句子經常是標志性的出題點所在。所以，考生在聽的時候要特別留意這些細節，做好筆記。
5.避免掉坑：聽到什么不一定選什么。
長對話和短文都以考同意替換為主。
例如：
原文：“卡森醫生每周只能看兩個電視節目，放學以后完成作業才能和朋友們一起玩，and had to read two books a week, and write book reports about them.”等于選項A.
A)Write two book reports a week.
B)Keep a diary.
C)Help with housework.
D)Watch education.
第四部分
講座/講話聽力：
1.選材特點
選取講座或演講的錄音作為聽力素材，基于內容設置單選題，一共三篇講座或演講，共10題。
從官方提供的樣題中可見其特點：
新六級樣題講座/講話聽力第三段：
樣題題干：
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B) The huge volume of its annual sales.
C) The service it provides to its customers.
D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.
B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
C) Those that require very careful handling.
D) Services involving a personal element.
25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.
B) Those who have to work long hours.
C) Those who are used to online transactions.
D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.
樣題原文：
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.
23.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, 23.still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.
24. Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. 25.Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.
23 What is important to the success of an online store?D
24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?A
25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online? B
2.聽力技巧
1）邏輯詞／語氣詞后出題頻繁
新六級的講座/講話聽力素材來源比較復雜，樣題中第一篇來自托福原題，第二篇來自VOA，最長的一篇原文字數達到了450詞。講座/講話聽力題型的內容往往會比較專業，但是在形式上，由于是演講內容，很多時候更偏向于口語表達。這類題型同樣有著特定的行文方式和風格，考生需要靠日常多積累，多練習，方能輕松應對。
增加講座測試的意義在于，假設學生走進英語國家的大學課堂，你是否能聽懂真正的外國教授的英文授課，這種題型的設計更加接近于托福考試中的lecture，命題設計也和托福考試十分相似，其出題點在于：
1.段首段尾句：任何一個篇章第一句話往往是重點
2.設問句：一般疑問聽升調，特殊疑問聽特殊疑問詞（5w+1h)
3.總結性質的詞匯：in brief, in particular, in short, all in all, generally speaking, conclude, conclusion, in a word, so , you see, in fact, we can say, ok, anyway
4.重復性質的信息：指實詞重復
5.首段轉折：在第一段中出現but，however, yet, instead, today 后往往是正確答案
6.轉折對比處：passage中出現轉折對比的詞匯，往往被轉折對比的后面為正確答案。
Although, though, even though, despite, in spite of, however, but, yet, well, not…but…, instead, on the other hand, unexpected, unexpectedly, unfortunately, fortunately
7.因果關系：重因輕果
because, cause, for, as, since, be due to, lead to, result from, result in, as a result
8.定義處：something can be defined as something, that is so called, we call it... the definition of ... is...
9.強調處：語氣強硬的詞匯，形容詞，副詞最高級
10.特殊修辭：排比處、舉例處、比喻處
2）一開始的強調主題處
比如:
Today, we are going to discuss…….
3）下定義處經常有考點。
比如：define, concept， what? I mean is .
生單詞過多處，未必是考點，其后解釋為考點。這是平時我們在整個聽力部分反復強調的觀點：如果聽力中遇到聽不懂、聽不出來的生單詞，千萬不要糾結，從而導致沒有跟上節奏，聽懂接下來的內容。結果生單詞處，未必是考點。尤其是在講座聽力當中，對一個新的概念提出以后，緊跟著會有簡單的語言來對講座中的術語進行解釋，而這些解釋的內容，才是考點真正的出處。
4）同意替換較小，聽到什么選什么的概率占80%。前提是：不是只聽到個別詞。
以上是六級考試的整個解題思路。然而六級聽力絕非靠技巧可以提升，大部分考生考前捉襟見肘都是因為平常不愿意踏實聽寫的緣故。如果有時間準備，非常推薦扎實精聽的方式來提升。
