句子的修飾成分
一、定語
1、什么是定語
定語是用來修飾,限定名詞,表現名詞品質或特征的成分。
補充:定語的位置
前置——定語相對較短時
后置——定語相對較長時
在閱讀中,我們通常看到的名詞,前后幾乎都有定語修飾,因此可以將 “ 前置定語+名詞+后置定語 ” 看成一個意群( “ 101 ” 組合)。如:
a jointed effort of more than 200 astronomers middle-income earners tired of the urban life.
2、什么可以充當定語
① 單詞:形容詞,名詞,動名詞,數詞
② 短語:介詞短語,動詞不定式,現在分詞,過去分詞,形容詞性短語
③ 從句:定語從句
例:
①?Little streams feed big rivers.(形容詞)
②?This is a lemon tree.(名詞)
③?This is a swimming pool.(動名詞)
④?I have a dream to travel around the world.(動詞不定式)
⑤?We must figure out a solution to this problem.(介詞短語)
⑥?The pill is helpful for people suffering from persisted nightmare.(現在分詞)
⑦?We can learn some languages used to describe monetary policy.(過去分詞)
⑧?Those are elements necessary to succed in life and school.(形容詞性短語)
There are many people who cannot understand the best literatureof our time.(定語從句)
二、狀語
1、什么是狀語
狀語是修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的修飾成分
2、什么可以充當狀語
① 單詞:副詞
② 短語:介詞短語,動詞不定式,現在分詞,過去分詞
③ 從句:狀語從句
例:
①?He speaks the language badly but reads it well.(副詞→動詞)
②?Fortunately , we won the game.(副詞→句子)
③?He has always lived in that house.(副詞&介詞短語→動詞)
④?We stopped , in order to look at the view.(介詞短語→句子)
⑤?To kill the bugs , spray the area regularly.(動詞不定式→句子,副詞→動詞)
⑥?Arriving at the station , we learned that the train had already gone.(現在分詞→句子)
⑦ At the end of the film , we were in tears.(介詞短語→句子)
⑧ Although he is ugly, he is gentle.(狀語從句)
三、同位語
1、什么是同位語
解釋,說明,補充名詞的成分,一定放在名詞后面。
對比:
定語:用來修飾,限定名詞的成分,位置短則前置,長則后置
這是一棟高高的房子,擁有大大的窗戶,綠綠的墻,紅紅的磚
這是一棟木質結構的房子——?一個古老的建筑(同位語)
2、什么可以充當同位語
① 名詞:對大多數同位語的情況
② 同位語從句:考研閱讀/翻譯重點
例:
① I have two chlldren , a boy and a girl.(名詞)
② Their proposal , to concenteate on primary education , has met with opposition.()
③ The first plan , attacking at night , was turned dowm.(動名詞)
④ The news that we are having a holiday is not true.(?同位語從句)