swift基本數據類型簡介及基本使用

    var Xnum: Int = 15; //Int為指定數據類型
    var Xfloat: CGFloat = 14.1
    // 元組
    let student: (String, Int, Double, Int) = ("lisi",24,90.0,15)
    let student1 = (name:"zhangsan", age:26)//直接定義元組數據

    //可選值 optionals, 兩種狀態：有值，沒有值（nil）
    var optValue: Int? = 3

    Xfloat = CGFloat(Xnum)//強轉類型
        //元組數據提取
        print(student1.name)
        print(student1.age)
        let (name, age, score, number) = student
        print(name,age,score,number)
        
        if (optValue != nil){//可選值有值為真，無值為假
            print(optValue)
        }
        //表示對可選值的強制解析，可選值！（提取可選值）如可選值沒有值時，不能進行強制解析。否則會有運行時的錯誤
        let svalue: Int = optValue!
        print(svalue)
        
        //可選綁定 （比強制解析更加安全）
        if let svalue1 = optValue {
            
            print(svalue1)
        }
        
        //隱式可選類型
        let intValue:Int = impOptValue
        print(intValue)
        
        //字符串操作
        let str1:String = "http:www.baidu.com"
        let str2:String = "1"
        let url:String = str1 + str2//字符串拼接
        print(url);
        
        let char = str1[str1.index(after: str1.startIndex)]//獲取指定位置的字符
        print(char)
        
        let subString = str1[str1.startIndex...str1.index(str1.startIndex, offsetBy: 4)]
        print(subString)//截取指定位置的字符串
        
        let urlStr:String = "http:www.baidu.com/num=\(str2)"        
        let rangStr: Range = urlStr.range(of: str1)!
        print(rangStr)
        
//        let subUrlString = urlStr[urlStr.startIndex...urlStr]
        
        if urlStr.hasPrefix("http") {//判斷字符串前綴
            print(urlStr)
        }
        
        if urlStr.hasPrefix(str2) {//后綴
            print(urlStr)
        }
        
        let studentValue:Student = self.getMultipleValues()
        print(studentValue)
        
        // 關系運算符
        let res:Bool = 5 == 5+3
        
        if res {
        }
        
        let testInt: Int = 3 > 2 ? 3 : 2//三元運算符
        print(testInt)
        
        for i in 1...5 {//for循環遍歷
            print(i)
        }
        
        var array = [1,2,3,4];
        array.remove(at: 0);//刪除數組中某個位置的元素
        var range1: Range<Int> = 1..<5
        var range2 = 1...6
        print(range2)
        print(range1)
        
        range1 = 0..<2
        range2 = 0...2
        array[range1] = [1,1]
        array.replaceSubrange(1..<2, with: [1,3])//替換某個區間的元素
        print("arry:=\(array)")
        
        for item in array {
            print("for in item: \(item)")
        }
        ///
        for (index, value) in array.enumerated() {//遍歷數組 index為數組下表 value為對應的元素
            
            print("for enumerated index:\(index) value:\(value)")
        }