Part 1- Chunking- the essential tools
Video 1- 介紹了本章的學習內容，會學到什么是有效的學習方法，以及什么是低效和無效的學習方法。
Video 2- What is a chunk?
focused thinking mode is necessary for forming a chunk
Video 3&4- how to form a chunk?
1st step-focus attention
2nd step- understanding the problem and techniques that you are chunking
3rd step- practise to gain mastery and the context
視頻中歸納了chunk的方法，首先要專注注意力，其次就是要理解所要學習的內容，最后是通過反復的練習和操練來更熟練的掌握所學習的知識和技能。
Video 5- illusions of competence
1-recall 復述和回憶的方式比反復閱讀更有效。 rereading 只能作為spaced repetition發揮作用。
2-illusions of competence-看著學習的知識似曾相識，便誤以為自己理解了學會了
3- 換個學習的場景來recall這樣可以避免subliminal cues
Part 2 -seeing the bigger picture
Video 1- motivate
Part A-Neuromodulators（神經調節劑） are chemicals that influence how a neuron responds to other neurons.?
acetylcholine（乙酰膽堿）-在專注的時候起作用，并且能夠影響與long term memory相關的神經
dopamine （多巴胺）-
1-在diffuse mode 的時候發揮作用，屬于獎賞學習系統的一部分，對于即時獎勵和延時獎勵均有用。
2- addictive drugs 是通過刺激多巴胺分泌讓人上癮的
3- 多巴胺一般缺乏- 使人喪失興趣和主動性；多巴胺很缺乏會導致帕金森相關疾病；多巴胺嚴重缺乏會導致catatonia緊張癥
serotonin（血清素）-與人的社交活動相關；缺乏血清素會導致行為過激和沖動
Part B-Emotion 也會影響學習的效果
Video 2- the value of a library of chunks
1- 通過對很多chunk的創新式地組合，可以獲得新的想法，鞏固已有的知識技能
2- 當掌握的chunk越大越越練，越容易幫助我們解決問題
3-chunk 還可以幫助學習新知識 -transfer
兩種解決問題的方法需要同時利用來解決問題。
1-sequential- focused and deliberate step by step
2-holistic tuition- diffused mode?
Video 3-?Overlearning, Chunking, Einstellung, and Interleaving
Overlearning-可以幫助培養automaticity
deliberate practise- 專注復習和鞏固自己覺得難的部分
Einstellung- 也叫mindset，是人對事物和問題既有的認知和看法，可能會阻礙你對事物產生新的看法
interleaving-嘗試解決一些不同的問題，從而受到新的啟發。可以跨學科，跨問題，從而獲得更多的靈感和創新思維的機會。
Video 4-Summary
1-what is chunk？ a set of information or neurons that are closed connected together
2- how to form chunk? focused attention->good understanding->practise
3- illusion of competence and recall- you might have the illusion that you've mastered certain knowledge or skills by just listening or reading it. The best way to check your mastry level is by testing yourself or recall the knowledge you remember.
4- Einstellung is the intial thought that you hold about something and it might prevent you from developing new and creative thoughts on this subject.
4- deliberate practise is when you consciously practise the knowledge that you found hard, which is a more efficient way of learning.
