The Lead and the Ending
篇章：
Zinsser提出文章開頭結尾很重要，為什么重要、怎樣安排每段以及篇章首尾？
Lead：
Why:to capture the reader immediately and force him to keep reading.
How:
一：tell odd facts
Principles:
①Provide hard details? tell the reader why the piece was written and why he ought to read it
②Give more thought to adding solid detail and less to entertaining the reader.
So：pay attention to quirky facts which are thick with daily life you're able to find
二：just tell a story
Principle:
①Within the broad rule of not letting the reader get away, all writers must approach
②Make subject in a manner that most naturally suits what they are writing about and who they are
So: collect more material than you will use
Ending:
Why:
① It's the crucial springboard to the next paragraph；
② It would wreck an article if its final stage hasn't been tightly constructed.
How：
①Use an extra twist of humor or surprise in sentence
②Take your readers slightly by surprise and yet seem exactly right.
③A quotation that has a sense of finality, or that's funny, or that adds an unexpected closing detail
詞匯
#引誘#
Coax the reader a little more
It must cajole him with freshness
A slower lead, luring the reader more with curiosity than with humor
①coax：to persuade someone to do something that they do not want to do by talking to them in a kind, gentle, and patient way: 好話勸說，巧言騙取
?? coax somebody into/ out of (doing) something
例：We had to coax Alan into going to school.
?? coax somebody to do something
例：We watched the bear coax its cubs to enter the water.
②cajole: to gradually persuade someone to do something by being nice to them, or making promises to them:
??cajole somebody into doing something
例: We do our best to cajole rich countries into helping.
③lure: to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or dangerous, by making it seem attractive or exciting:
?? lure somebody into (doing) something
例：People may be lured into buying tickets by clever advertising.
?? lure somebody away
例: Computer games are luring youngsters away from their lessons.
#消退#
The reader's interest begins to falter;
the tension you have built begins to sag.
When your zest begins to ebb, the reader is the first person to know it.
①falter: v. to become weaker and unable to continue in an effective way:
例: The economy is showing signs of faltering.
②sag: v. to become weaker or less valuable
反義 flourish
例：The government attempts to revive the sagging economy
③ebb.v. to gradually decrease:
例：Linda's enthusiasm began to ebb away.
#收集#
（查了collect同義詞后在文中搜了一下，③④是書后面的內容）
You go gleaning one more time in insights you have already adduced.
...if you don't go on gathering facts forever
The Memphis native was in top form as he racked up the first four games
The IAEA had amassed ample evidence that the Iraqis had made progress in each of these areas.
①glean: v.to find out information slowly and with difficulty:
?? glean something from somebody/ something
例 :Additional information was gleaned from other sources.
②gather: v.to get things from different places and putthem together in one place:
例：The researcher's job is to gather information about people.
③rack up: to get a number or amount of something, especially a number of points in a competition
例: He racked up 41 points
④amass: if you amass money, knowledge, information etc, you gradually collect a largeamount of it:
例: For 25 years, Darwin amassed evidence to support his theories.
# up #
Often it takes just a few sentences to wrap things up
Why didn't you give more thought to how you were going to wind this thing up?
① wrap up: to finish a job, meeting etc:
例: We're hoping to wrap up the negotiations this week.
②wind up: to be in an unpleasant situation or place after a lot hashappened
同義 end up:
例: You know you're re going to wind up in court over this.
?? 這兩個短語動詞都是finish的同義詞，但歸類不同：
wrap up：These words all mean make sth wholly or perfect.
wind up： These words all mean come to an end or bring to an end.
理解：wrap有“包”的意思，wrap up更側重事情完美的結束；wind up僅指結束的狀態。
想法
Another moral is to look for your material everywhere, not just by reading the obvious sources and interviewing the obvious people. Look at signs and at billboards and at all the junk written along the American roadside.
Zinsser提到收集資料時不僅是查詢顯而易見的資源而是要洞察生活中各個細節，商品標簽、說明書，路邊的指示牌、墻上的涂鴉、公司活著電梯里的標語...... 一方面驚嘆寫作真的是落實到生活細節，另一方面也驚嘆這些被我忽略的生活細節。用詞準確，錘煉語言也還需認真觀察生活。
