Mongodb的安裝及使用(一)
Mongodb 與 python 的交互（二）
mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份和恢復(fù)（三）

1.Pymongo

PyMongo是Mongodb的Python接口開(kāi)發(fā)包，是使用python和Mongodb的推薦方式。
官方文檔

2.安裝

進(jìn)入虛擬環(huán)境
sudo pip install pymongo
或源碼安裝
python setup.py

3.使用

導(dǎo)入模塊

import pymongo

建立于MongoClient 的連接：

client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017) 
# 或者 
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')

得到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

db = client.test_database
# 或者 
db = client['test-database']

得到一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集合

collection = db.test_collection
# 或者 
collection = db['test-collection']

MongoDB中的數(shù)據(jù)使用的是類(lèi)似Json風(fēng)格的文檔

>>> import datetime 
>>> post = {"author": "Mike",    
            "text": "My first blog post!",    
            "tags": ["mongodb", "python", "pymongo"], 
            "date": datetime.datetime.utcnow()}

插入一個(gè)文檔

>>> posts = db.posts 
>>> post_id = posts.insert_one(post).inserted_id 
>>> post_id 
ObjectId('...')

查找一條數(shù)據(jù)

>>> posts.find_one() 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(...), u'text': u'My first blog post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo']}   
>>> posts.find_one({"author": "Mike"}) 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(...), u'text': u'My first blog post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo']}   
>>> posts.find_one({"author": "Eliot"}) 
>>>

通過(guò)ObjectId來(lái)查找

>>> post_id ObjectId(...) 
>>> posts.find_one({"_id": post_id})
{u'date': datetime.datetime(...), u'text': u'My first blog post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo']}

不要轉(zhuǎn)化ObjectId的類(lèi)型為String

>>> post_id_as_str = str(post_id) 
>>> posts.find_one({"_id": post_id_as_str}) # No result 
>>>

如果post_id是字符串

from bson.objectid import ObjectId  
# The web framework gets post_id from the URL and passes it as a string def get(post_id):   
    # Convert from string to ObjectId:   
    document = client.db.collection.find_one({'_id': ObjectId(post_id)})

多條插入

>>> new_posts = [{"author": "Mike", 
                  "text": "Another post!", 
                  "tags": ["bulk", "insert"], 
                  "date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14)}, 
                  {"author": "Eliot", 
                  "title": "MongoDB is fun", 
                  "text": "and pretty easy too!", 
                  "date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 10, 10, 45)}] 
>>> result = posts.insert_many(new_posts) 
>>> result.inserted_ids 
[ObjectId('...'), ObjectId('...')]

查找多條數(shù)據(jù)

>>> for post in posts.find(): 
...  post 
... 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(...), u'text': u'My first blog post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo']} 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'bulk', u'insert']} 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 10, 10, 45), u'text': u'and pretty easy too!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Eliot', u'title': u'MongoDB is fun'} 

#查找多個(gè)文檔2
cur=stu.find()
cur.next()

獲取集合的數(shù)據(jù)條數(shù)

posts.count() 

#滿足某種查找條件的數(shù)據(jù)條數(shù)：
posts.find({"author": "Mike"}).count()

范圍查找

#比如說(shuō)時(shí)間范圍
>>> d = datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 12) 
>>> for post in posts.find({"date": {"$lt": d}}).sort("author"): 
...  print post 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 10, 10, 45), u'text': u'and pretty easy too!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Eliot', u'title': u'MongoDB is fun'} 
{u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!', u'_id': ObjectId('...'), u'author': u'Mike', u'tags': [u'bulk', u'insert']}

4.Mongodb與python交互列子

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymongo
import datetime
def system():
    print ('歡迎進(jìn)入短文管理系統(tǒng)')
    print ('1.增加信息')
    print ('2.刪除信息')
    print ('3.修改信息')
    print ('4.查看數(shù)據(jù)')
    print ('5.搜索信息')
    print ('6.退出')

    #建立與MongoClient的連接
    client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost',27017)
    #創(chuàng)建并得到一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    db = client.test
    #得到一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集合
    msg = db.users
    # msg.create_index([('time',pymongo.ASCENDING)],expireAfterSeconds=600)

    while True:
        order = int(raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入要進(jìn)行的操作：'))
        if order==1:
            name = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入短文標(biāo)題：')
            desc = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入內(nèi)容：')
            data = {
                "name":name,
                "desc":desc,
                "date":datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
            }
            msg.insert_one(data)
            print ('添加成功')

        elif order==2:
            name = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)h除的短文：')
            exit = msg.count({"name":name})
            if exit!=0:
                msg.remove({'name':name})
                print ('刪除成功')
            else:
                print ('沒(méi)有此信息')

        elif order==3:
            name = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入要修改的短文：')
            exit = msg.count({"name":name})
            if exit!=0:
                desc = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入內(nèi)容：')
                msg.update({"name":name},{'$set':{'desc':desc}})
                print ('修改成功')
            else:
                print ('你要修改的短文不存在')

        elif order==4:
            exit = msg.count({})
            if exit==0:
                print ('抱歉！還沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)')
            else:
                for data in msg.find():
                    content=data['name']+data['desc']
                    print content


        elif order==5:
            name = raw_input('請(qǐng)輸入你要查看的短文：')
            exit = msg.count({'name':name})
            if exit!=0:
                data = msg.find_one({'name':name})
                content = data['name']+data['desc']
            else:
                print ('你要查看的短文不存在')

        elif order==6:
            print ('感謝使用')
            break
        else:
            print ('請(qǐng)輸入1/2/3/4/5/6相關(guān)指令')

if __name__=='__main__':
    system()