Leader_Today, a board game; tomorrow, the world

[地道表達]##

• The development of computer programs that can beat humans at games** has a long history — from the mastery of noughts and crosses in the 1950s to Deep Blue’s celebrated defeat of world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.
  [nought and cross]
  [解釋] （零與叉）井字棋

• Data-crunching devices routinely notch up previously unthinkable victories.
  [notch]
  [解釋]Informal To achieve; score【非正式用語】 得到；得分

• These are poaching some of the brightest computer scientists from universities, giving them the capacity and tools to pursue their heart’s desire.
  [poach]
  [解釋]To cook in a boiling or simmering liquid；水煮，烹：在煮沸的液體中烹調，或在熱水中煮

• One does not have to believe in some future tech dystopia to believe that governments and wider society should take the implications of these developments seriously.
  [dystopia]
  [解釋] An imaginary place or state in which the condition of life is extremely bad, as from deprivation, oppression, or terror.
  反面烏托邦：一個想象中的由于掠奪、壓迫或恐怖造成生活條件極差的國家和地區 （例如文學作品 美麗新世界）

• These are unlikely to be immune from commercial interests or indeed from the gung-ho enthusiasm of the researchers.
  [gung-ho]
  [解釋]very eager to do something dangerous or violent:

• Some external scrutiny akin to that supplied in the case of genetics by the UK’s Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is needed to protect the public from developments that may threaten more than the amour-propre of a South Korean Go champion.
  [amour-propre]
  [解釋]Respect for oneself; self-esteem.See Synonyms at conceit
  自尊

[句式連接]##

• **The development of computer programs that can beat humans at games has a long history — from the mastery of noughts and crosses in the 1950s to Deep Blue’s celebrated defeat of world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.
  [分析] 主語從句的用法值得借鑒。平時一般會避免主語從句，容易造成句式頭重腳輕的感覺。此句中由于賓語由補充賓語修飾-用破折號- 是句子的平衡感很好。
  [翻譯] 能夠在游戲中擊敗人類高手的計算機程序有著悠久的發展歷史——從上世紀50年代掌握“井字棋”制勝之道，到1997年“深藍”(Deep Blue；IBM研發的計算機——譯者注）擊敗國際象棋世界冠軍加里?卡斯帕羅夫(Garry Kasparov)。

• It also raises ethical questions every bit as profound as those posed by genetics.
  [分析] 學習比較級的表達
  [翻譯] 這也引發種種道德問題，其深刻性絲毫不亞于**遺傳學所構成的道德問題。

• Some external scrutiny akin to that supplied in the case of genetics by the UK’s Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is needed to protect the public from developments that may threaten more than the amour-propre of a South Korean Go champion.
  [分析] 學習句子的表達方式。
  [翻譯] 需要進行一些外部監督，類似于遺傳學領域的英國人類受精和胚胎學管理局(HFEA)，以保護公眾免受相關發展的威脅，這些威脅所牽涉的不只是韓國圍棋高手的自尊

[專業知識]

• Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov###

[解釋] Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov was a pair of six-game chess matches between world chess champion Garry Kasparov and an IBM supercomputer called Deep Blue. The first match was played in Philadelphia in 1996 and won by Kasparov. The second was played in New York City in 1997 and won by Deep Blue. The 1997 match was the first defeat of a reigning world chess champion to a computer under tournament conditions.

The 1997 match was the subject of a documentary film, The Man vs. The Machine.
來源：wikipedia

• Data-crunching###

[解釋] The word crunching is also used in the field of electronics in connection with numbers or data, as in number-crunching or data-crunching, which means to minimise the amount of memory used by a computer to store a program or the amount of time it takes for the command to get processed and to achieve the desired results.
來源：http://references-definitions.blurtit.com/3757304/what-does-crunching-mean

• AlphaGo###

[解釋] AlphaGo is a computer program developed by Google DeepMind in London to play the board game Go.[1] In October 2015, it became the first Computer Go program to beat a professional human Go player without handicaps on a full-sized 19×19 board.[2][3] In March 2016, it beat Lee Sedol in a five-game match, the first time a computer Go program has beaten a 9 dan professional without handicaps.[4] Although it lost to Lee Sedol in the fourth game, Lee resigned the final game, giving a final score of 4 games to 1 in favour of AlphaGo. In recognition of beating Lee Sedol, AlphaGo was awarded an honorary 9-dan by the Korea Baduk Association.

AlphaGo's algorithm uses a combination of neural networks, machine learning and Monte Carlo tree search techniques, combined with extensive training, both from human and computer play.
來源：wikipedia