第031句
Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a particular set of laws.
譯文:通常有一種觀點,認為新的國家應該是獨立自主的,土地面積大到在經濟上可以生存,并且通過一套特定的法律統一在一起。
點睛:that引導的是belief的同位語從句。sovereign和independent含義相近,表示“獨立自主的”。large enough...laws作states的補語,其中large和integrated是并列關系。
考點歸納:set作名詞時有以下幾個常見義項:
一套,一組
a set of tools 一套工具(電視、無線電的)接收裝置
a colour television set彩色電視機(舞臺)布景,場景
The play wasn't good,but the set was impressive.
這出戲并不好,但布景倒是讓人印象深劉。
第032句
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright.
譯文:和動物相比,人類通常被認為是嗅覺遲鈍的,但這主要是因為我們和動物不同,是直立行走的。
點睛:compared with animals作第一個分句的狀語。第二個分句中,because引導的是原因狀語從句,其中largely意為“主要地”,unlike animals為插入語,用于補充說明下文中的we。
考點歸納:插入語與句中其他成分通常沒有語法上的關系,多用逗號與其他成分隔開,一般用來表示說話者的態度等。插入語可以是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子。常見的插入語有:
in conclusion總之
in summary概括地說
in fact事實上
in addition此外
of course當然
for instance/example例如
as a matter of fact事實上
第033句
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.
譯文:嗅覺遲鈍似乎可以解釋為,大腦無法保證所有的嗅覺接收器一直處于工作之中,卻可以在必要時創造出新的接收器。
點睛:that引導的是表語從句,其中finds和can create為并列的謂語動詞。it為形式賓語,真正的賓語是to keep…all the time。現在分詞短語working all the time為smell receptors的補足語。if necessary為省略句,其完整形式應為if it is necessary。
第034句
This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be.
譯文:這可以解釋為什么我們通常對自己的氣味不敏感——我們完全無需對其敏感。
點睛:why引導的是explain的賓語從句。破折號后的we simply do not need to be省略了sensitive to our own smells.是對之前內容的解釋說明。
考點歸納:賓語從句可以是由疑問詞引導的句子,具體如下:
由whether或if引導的一般疑問句作賓語:
Say whether you agree with my point.
說一說你是否同意我的觀點。由what、why、when、where等引導的特殊疑問句作賓語:
I wanted co see for myself what the problem was.
我想親自看看是什么問題。選擇性疑問句作賓語:
I don't know whether I should read this book or not.
我不知道是否該讀這本書。
第035句
Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.
譯文:關注個人的理論指出,孩子實施犯罪行為是因為他們沒有因之前的罪行受到足夠的懲罰,或是他們通過和他人交往學會了犯罪行為。
點睛:centering on the individual作theories的后置定語。suggest在此處意為“指出,表明”,而非“建議”,suggest之后是由that引導的賓語從句。because引導的是由or連接的并列的原因狀語從句。