2018年11月6日，由比爾及梅琳達·蓋茨基金會（Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation）、中國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會以及中國國際商會聯(lián)合舉辦的新世代廁所博覽會（Reinvented Toilet Expo）在北京開幕。比爾·蓋茨出席博覽會開幕式并發(fā)表演講。
演講現(xiàn)場，比爾蓋奇舉起拿著一個裝有人類糞便的燒杯表示：“這么點兒糞便就能攜帶兩百萬億個輪狀病毒、兩百億個賀氏菌和十萬個寄生蟲卵。”
毫無意外，“將糞便擺上講臺”這一幕也成為了今天BBC中國版塊的頭條：
Bill Gates brandishespoo to showcase reinvented toilet tech
Mr Gates used the beaker of faeces to highlight bacteria and sanitation-related disease
Billionaire philanthropist and Microsoft founder Bill Gates had his hands full on-stage in Beijing on Tuesday, showing a jar of human faeces.
brandish
表示“威脅（或興奮）地揮舞，炫耀”，英文解釋為“to wave something in the air in a threatening or excited way”，舉個??：
She brandished a pan at me so I ran out of the kitchen.
她拿著平底鍋向我揮來，于是我就跑出了廚房。
通常用于表示揮舞“武器”（especially a weapon），如：brandish a knife
beaker & jar
beaker一詞有兩個含義：
1）表示“（直身無柄，一般用塑料做成的）杯子”，英文解釋為“a drinking cup with straight sides and no handle, usually made of plastic”；
2）表示“燒杯，量杯”，英文解釋為“a glass cup with straight sides that is used in chemistry for measuring and heating liquids”。
在后文中，則用了jar來替換beaker
jar表示“一罐的量或物”，英文解釋為You can use jar to refer to a jar and its contents, or to the contents only. 或者是指存放食物的玻璃罐（glass container），舉個??：
She opened up a jar of plums.
她打開了一罐李子。
poo/poop
poo/poop均表示“屎，大便”，英文解釋為“solid waste from the body”；一說poo是英式，poop是美式，比較不正式，口語上更常用；而柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典解釋稱poo是兒童用語“大便; 臭臭”（Poo is a child's word for faeces.）
poop也可以作動詞，除了表示“拉屎”，如：
Ted, did you poop in your pants?
泰德，你是不是拉在褲子里了？
還有一些奇怪的用法：
比如poop out可以表示“筋疲力盡”，英文解釋為：to become too tired to continue what you are doing. 舉個??：
I just poop out if I stay up too late.
我晚上熬夜熬得太晚的話就會筋疲力盡的。
還可以指機器或者設(shè)備“停止工作，停止運行，熄火”，英文解釋為：to stop working or operating. 舉個??：
The engine pooped out before we reached our destination.
在我們抵達目的地之前發(fā)動機就壞了。
當然，更奇怪的是在old-fashioned slang中，作為名詞的poop還可以表示“信息; 事實”（information），感受下這個??：
Did you get the poop on all the candidates?
你弄到所有候選人的信息了嗎？
feces/faeces
feces? /'fi?si?z,ˋfisiz/
faeces /'fi?si?z/
feces是faeces的美式拼法（復(fù)數(shù)）
均表示“糞便”，英文解釋為“solid waste material from the bowels”
下文會出現(xiàn)其形容詞性：fecal / faecal.
bowels
表示“腸”，英文解釋為“Your bowels are the tubes in your body through which digested food passes from your stomach to your anus.”（同樣也是復(fù)數(shù)形式）
“大解，排便(the act of getting rid of solid waste from your body)”有更優(yōu)雅的說法：
move/empty/open your bowels 或者是 a bowel movement
philanthropist
/f??l?nθr?p?st/
表示“慈善家，樂善好施者”，英文解釋為“A philanthropist is someone who freely gives money and help to people who need it.”
之前推送過的，比爾蓋茨做過另一個件好事，你還記得嗎？
have one's hands full
表示“忙得不可開交”，英文解釋為“to be so busy that you do not have time to do anything else”，舉個??：
I'd love to help but I've got my hands full organizing the school play.
我愿意幫忙，可是我正忙著組織學(xué)校的戲劇演出，騰不出空兒來。
The stunt was part of his speech at the Reinvented Toilet Expo event - a showcase for new toilet technologies.
stunt
表示“引人注目的噱頭，花招”，英文解釋為“A stunt is something interesting that is done in order to attract attention and get publicity for the person or company responsible for it.”，舉個??：
Todd flew over the city in a hot-air balloon as a publicity stunt.
作為一種宣傳噱頭，托德乘坐熱氣球飛越城市上空。
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has spent more than $200m on researching the field across the last seven years.
從2011年開始，蓋茨基金會先后投資逾2億美元，用于新世代廁所和萬能處理器的早期研發(fā)，旨在幫助企業(yè)和政府降低采用新衛(wèi)生解決方案的門檻和風(fēng)險。
Twenty cutting-edgesanitation products were on display, intended to destroy harmful bacteria and prevent disease.
通過蓋茨基金會的一系列投資活動，目前已有二十種新世代廁所和萬能處理器技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品進入商業(yè)性許可和量產(chǎn)階段。
cutting-edge
之前其實出現(xiàn)過好幾次啦，這里再回顧一下：
cutting-edge字面意思是“刀刃，刀口”，實際上表示某事物發(fā)展的“最尖端，最前沿”，和state-of-the-art同義，State of the art, the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field，舉個??：
The research is at the cutting edge of computer science.
這項研究處于計算機科學(xué)的最前沿。
sanitation
上文就出現(xiàn)了sanitation-related disease，sanitation表示“公共衛(wèi)生，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生”，英文解釋為“the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc”，舉個??：
Overcrowding and poor sanitation are common problems in prisons.
過度擁擠和衛(wèi)生狀況差是監(jiān)獄里的普遍問題。
"I have to say, a decade ago I never imagined that I'd know so much about poop," Mr Gates joked at the conference. "And I definitely never thought that Melinda would have to tell me to stop talking about toilets and faecal sludge at the dinner table."
“不得不說，十年前，我無法想象自己會如此了解糞便。也絕對沒有想到，我已經(jīng)對在餐桌前暢談廁所和糞污習(xí)以為常，以至于需要梅琳達來打斷我。”
sludge
/sl?d?/
表示“淤泥; 污水; 工業(yè)廢料”，英文解釋為“Sludge is thick mud, sewage, or industrial waste.”，舉個??：
More than a million gallons of sludge has seeped into the water.
超過一百萬加侖的工業(yè)廢料已滲進水中。
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