過濾器也是一種結構型模式，它允許我們使用不同的規則過濾某一組對象。
首先我們來編寫一個實體類，用作被過濾的對象。
public class Person {
private int age;
private String name;
private Gender gender;
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Person{");
sb.append("age=").append(age);
sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", gender=").append(gender);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Gender getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Gender gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Person(int age, String name, Gender gender) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
}
}
enum Gender {
Male, Female
}
然后來編寫過濾器。這里編寫了兩個過濾器，過濾年齡和性別的。還編寫了一個與過濾器，用于同時應用兩個過濾器。
public interface Filter {
List<Person> filter(List<Person> people);
}
class AgeGreaterThan20Filter implements Filter {
@Override
public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
List<Person> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (Person p : people) {
if (p.getAge() > 20) {
result.add(p);
}
}
return result;
}
}
class FemaleFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
List<Person> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (Person p : people) {
if (p.getGender() == Gender.Female) {
result.add(p);
}
}
return result;
}
}
class AndFilter implements Filter {
private Filter one;
private Filter other;
public AndFilter(Filter one, Filter other) {
this.one = one;
this.other = other;
}
@Override
public List<Person> filter(List<Person> people) {
List<Person> tmp = one.filter(people);
return other.filter(tmp);
}
}
之后來測試一下。我們可以看到，由于過濾器和實體類解耦，所以我們可以隨便使用過濾器來處理數據。
List<Person> people = new ArrayList<>();
people.add(new Person(22, "yitian", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(23, "zhang3", Gender.Female));
people.add(new Person(24, "li4", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(25, "wang5", Gender.Female));
people.add(new Person(13, "zhao6", Gender.Male));
people.add(new Person(10, "fuck", Gender.Female));
Filter femaleFilter = new FemaleFilter();
List<Person> women = femaleFilter.filter(people);
System.out.println("女人們:" + women);
Filter ageGreaterThan20Filter = new AgeGreaterThan20Filter();
List<Person> gt20 = ageGreaterThan20Filter.filter(people);
System.out.println("大于20的人:" + gt20);
Filter andFilter = new AndFilter(femaleFilter, ageGreaterThan20Filter);
System.out.println("既是女性有大于20的人:" + andFilter.filter(people));
如果使用過Java 8的話會發現lambda表達式和流類庫會幫我們非常方便的實現過濾器模式的功能。
//lambda表達式
List<Person> men = people.stream()
.filter(o -> o.getGender() == Gender.Male)
.filter(o -> o.getAge() >= 23)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("大于23的男性:" + men);
通過新的語言特性，我們可以簡化設計模式的使用，更快速的開發程序。當然，了解設計模式還是很有必要的。領會設計模式的思想，可以讓我們更深刻的理解程序設計的奧秘，對我們學習編程還是很有幫助的。
