Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.

The expression string contains only non-negative integers, +, -, *, / operators and empty spaces . The integer division should truncate toward zero.

You may assume that the given expression is always valid.

Some examples:

"3+2*2" = 7
" 3/2 " = 1
" 3+5 / 2 " = 5

一刷
題解：
用3個變量，preVal, curVal, sign
如果碰到了數字，就保存為curVal, 并且與當前已有的sign，每次保存sign再get下一個number
如果sign是乘除，那么直接計算preVal sign curVal, 變為新的preVal
如果sign是加減，將當前res+preVal，preVal = sign*curVal

public class Solution {
    public int calculate(String s) {
        if (s == null) return 0;
        s = s.trim().replaceAll(" +", "");//remove all the space
        int length = s.length();
    
        int res = 0;
        long preVal = 0; // initial preVal is 0
        char sign = '+'; // initial sign is +
        int i = 0;
        while(i<length){
            long curVal = 0;
            while (i < length && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(i))) { // int
                curVal = curVal*10 + (s.charAt(i) - '0');
                i++;
            }
            if (sign == '+') {
                res += preVal;  // update res
                preVal = curVal;
            } else if (sign == '-') {
                res += preVal;  // update res
                preVal = -curVal;
            } else if (sign == '*') {
                preVal = preVal * curVal; // not update res, combine preVal & curVal and keep loop
            } else if (sign == '/') {
                preVal = preVal / curVal; // not update res, combine preVal & curVal and keep loop
            }
            if (i < length) { // getting new sign
                sign = s.charAt(i);
                i++;
            }
        }
        res += preVal;
        return res;
    }
}

二刷
題解：這個題目的特點是沒有括號。用res保存乘除運算之前的值即可。不需要stack.
preVal sign curVal,
如果sign為加減，則res+=preVal, preVal = sign*curVal
如果sign為乘除，res+= preVal sign curVal

public class Solution {
    public int calculate(String s) {
        long preVal = 0, curVal = 0;
        s = s.trim().replaceAll(" +", "");
        int len = s.length();
        int res = 0;
        char sign = '+';
        int i=0;
        while(i<len){
            curVal = 0;
            while(i<len && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(i))){
                curVal = curVal*10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
                i++;
            }
            if(sign == '+'){
                res += preVal;
                preVal = curVal;
            }else if(sign == '-'){
                res += preVal;
                preVal = -curVal;
            }else if(sign == '*'){
                res += preVal * curVal;
            }else if(sign == '/'){
                res += preVal / curVal;
            }
            if(i<len){
                sign = s.charAt(i);
                i++;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}