iOS多線程(3)-GCD

  • 簡介：

    為什么要用 GCD 呢？因為 GCD 有很多好處啊，具體如下：
    GCD 可用于多核的并行運算
    GCD 會自動利用更多的 CPU 內核（比如雙核、四核）
    GCD 會自動管理線程的生命周期（創建線程、調度任務、銷毀線程）
    程序員只需要告訴 GCD 想要執行什么任務，不需要編寫任何線程管理代碼
    既然 GCD 有這么多的好處，那么下面我們就來系統的學習一下 GCD 的使用方法。

目錄：

  • 隊列創建

  • 同步異步

  • 線程間通訊

  • 延遲執行(dispatch_after)

  • 定時器(dispatch_timer)

  • 一次執行(dispatch_once)

  • 迭代(dispatch_apply)

  • 隊列組(dispatch_group_notify)

  • 等待(dispatch_group_wait)

  • 信號(dispatch_semaphore_t)

  • 并發控制通過信號實現

  • 隊列創建：
    //串行隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.gcd.peace", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//并行隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.gcd.peace", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//全局并行隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//主線程隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
  • 同步異步：
    - (void)asyncAction {
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      NSLog(@"async---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
}

- (void)syncAction {
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
      NSLog(@"sync---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
}

    輸出：
---<NSThread: 0x60c00026bd40>{number = 5, name = (null)}
---<NSThread: 0x60000007f300>{number = 1, name = main}
  • 線程間通訊：
    - (void)asyncToSyncAction {
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      NSLog(@"---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      
      // 回到主線程
      dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
          NSLog(@"---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      });
  });
}

    輸出：
---<NSThread: 0x60c00026bd40>{number = 5, name = (null)}
---<NSThread: 0x60000007f300>{number = 1, name = main}
  • 柵欄(dispatch_barrier_async)：
    - (void)barrierAction {
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.gcd.peace", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
  
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
            NSLog(@"1---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        });
    }
  
    //barrier
    dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
        NSLog(@"[Barrier: ---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    });

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
            NSLog(@"3---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        });
    }
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417137+0800 GCD[55856:2568834] 1---<NSThread: 0x604000074780>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417137+0800 GCD[55856:2568833] 1---<NSThread:   0x6000002701c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417138+0800 GCD[55856:2568832] 1---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e7c0>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417148+0800 GCD[55856:2568835] 1---<NSThread: 0x60800007d7c0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417197+0800 GCD[55856:2568853] 1---<NSThread: 0x600000270080>{number = 7, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417247+0800 GCD[55856:2568855] 1---<NSThread: 0x6040000754c0>{number = 8, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417308+0800 GCD[55856:2568856] 1---<NSThread: 0x60000026fac0>{number = 10, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417329+0800 GCD[55856:2568854] 1---<NSThread: 0x604000074a80>{number = 9, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417344+0800 GCD[55856:2568857] 1---<NSThread: 0x604000074380>{number = 11, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:39.417361+0800 GCD[55856:2568858] 1---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e800>{number = 12, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:41.420468+0800 GCD[55856:2568858] [Barrier: ---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e800>{number = 12, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423862+0800 GCD[55856:2568858] 3---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e800>{number = 12, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423827+0800 GCD[55856:2568855] 3---<NSThread: 0x6040000754c0>{number = 8, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423826+0800 GCD[55856:2568854] 3---<NSThread: 0x604000074a80>{number = 9, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423827+0800 GCD[55856:2568857] 3---<NSThread: 0x604000074380>{number = 11, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423855+0800 GCD[55856:2568853] 3---<NSThread: 0x600000270080>{number = 7, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423823+0800 GCD[55856:2568856] 3---<NSThread: 0x60000026fac0>{number = 10, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423949+0800 GCD[55856:2568834] 3---<NSThread: 0x604000074780>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423952+0800 GCD[55856:2568833] 3---<NSThread: 0x6000002701c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423960+0800 GCD[55856:2568835] 3---<NSThread: 0x60800007d7c0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 17:57:43.423964+0800 GCD[55856:2568832] 3---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e7c0>{number = 4, name = (null)}
  • 延遲執行(dispatch_after)：
    - (void)afterAction {
  NSLog(@"[After]: begin currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  
  dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
      NSLog(@"[After]: main ---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
  
  dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      NSLog(@"[After]: global ---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:01:33.749444+0800 GCD[55856:2568766] [After]: begin currentThread---<NSThread: 0x60000006e280>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:01:35.928257+0800 GCD[55856:2568766] [After]: main ---<NSThread: 0x60000006e280>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:01:35.928274+0800 GCD[55856:2571380] [After]: global ---<NSThread: 0x60c00007e280>{number = 13, name = (null)}
  • 定時器(dispatch_timer)：
    @property(nonatomic,strong) dispatch_source_t tTimer;

- (void)timerAction {
 NSLog(@"[Timer]: begin currentThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
 
 if (!self.tTimer) {
     self.tTimer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_main_queue());
     NSLog(@"self.tTimer = %@",self.tTimer);
     dispatch_source_set_timer(self.tTimer,
                               dispatch_walltime(NULL, 0 * NSEC_PER_SEC),
                               0.32 * NSEC_PER_SEC,
                               0);
     dispatch_source_set_event_handler(self.tTimer, ^{
         NSLog(@"1111");
     });
 
     dispatch_resume(self.tTimer);
 }
 else {
     dispatch_source_cancel(self.tTimer);
     self.tTimer = nil;
 }
 //        dispatch_suspend(self.tTimer);
 //        dispatch_source_cancel(self.tTimer);
 //        self.tTimer = nil; Crash
 
 //        dispatch_suspend(self.tTimer);
 //        self.tTimer = nil; Crash
}
  • 一次執行(dispatch_once)：
    - (void)onceAction {
  __block int index = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
      static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
      dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
          index ++;
          NSLog(@"[Once]:-------index = %d",index);
      });
  }
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:03:17.189632+0800 GCD[55856:2568766] [Once]:-------index = 1
  • 迭代(dispatch_apply)：
    - (void)applyAction {
  //并行迭代
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  //串行隊列迭代與for循環效果一樣
  //queue = dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.gcd.peace", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
  
  NSLog(@"apply---begin");
  dispatch_apply(6, queue, ^(size_t index) {
      NSLog(@"%zd---%@",index, [NSThread currentThread]);
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
  });
  NSLog(@"apply---end");
}

    并行隊列輸出：
2018-03-20 18:05:42.458703+0800 GCD[56041:2574450] apply---begin
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459384+0800 GCD[56041:2574450] 0---<NSThread: 0x60c000262bc0>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459417+0800 GCD[56041:2574512] 1---<NSThread: 0x60c00027f840>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459504+0800 GCD[56041:2574499] 4---<NSThread: 0x6080002786c0>{number = 7, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459504+0800 GCD[56041:2574502] 3---<NSThread: 0x604000270e00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459506+0800 GCD[56041:2574500] 5---<NSThread: 0x604000270c00>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:05:42.459521+0800 GCD[56041:2574501] 2---<NSThread: 0x608000278a00>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:05:44.463743+0800 GCD[56041:2574450] apply---end

    串行隊列輸出：
2018-03-20 18:07:33.988048+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] apply---begin
2018-03-20 18:07:33.988516+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 0---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:35.989109+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 1---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:37.990556+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 2---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:39.992050+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 3---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:41.993583+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 4---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:43.995163+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 5---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:07:45.995811+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] apply---end
  • 隊列組(dispatch_group_notify):
    - (void)groupNotifyAction {
  NSLog(@"group---begin");
  
  dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  
  dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"1---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"2---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_notify(group, [self mainQueue], ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"3---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      NSLog(@"group notify");
  });
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:09:47.306064+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group---begin
2018-03-20 18:09:49.307609+0800 GCD[56083:2576199] 2---<NSThread: 0x60800006ce00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:09:49.307608+0800 GCD[56083:2577770] 1---<NSThread: 0x60400007fac0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:09:51.309380+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] 3---<NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-03-20 18:09:51.309744+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group notify

    - (void)groupNotify1Action {
  NSLog(@"group---begin");
  
  dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  
  dispatch_group_enter(group);
  dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"1---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      dispatch_group_leave(group);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_enter(group);
  dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5];
      NSLog(@"2---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      dispatch_group_leave(group);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_notify(group, [self mainQueue], ^{
      NSLog(@"group notify : %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:09:53.329762+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group---begin
2018-03-20 18:09:55.332737+0800 GCD[56083:2576199] 1---<NSThread: 0x60800006ce00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:09:58.331259+0800 GCD[56083:2577770] 2---<NSThread: 0x60400007fac0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:09:58.331676+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group notify : <NSThread: 0x60c000065740>{number = 1, name = main}
  • 等待(dispatch_group_wait)：
    - (void)groupWaitAction {
  NSLog(@"group---begin");
  
  dispatch_group_t group =  dispatch_group_create();
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  
  dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"1---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5];
      NSLog(@"2---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  });
  
  dispatch_group_wait(group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
  
  NSLog(@"group---end");
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:12:57.523759+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group---begin
2018-03-20 18:12:59.527048+0800 GCD[56083:2579780] 1---<NSThread: 0x600000260780>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:13:02.524335+0800 GCD[56083:2577781] 2---<NSThread: 0x60000007fd40>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:13:02.524954+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] group---end
  • 信號(dispatch_semaphore_t)：
    //通過信號實現同步功能
- (void)semaphoreAction {
  NSLog(@"semaphore---begin");
  
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
  dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
  
  dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
      NSLog(@"semaphore --- %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      
      dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
  });
  
  dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);//信號量=0則阻擋，>0則通過
  NSLog(@"semaphore---end");
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:14:28.265856+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] semaphore---begin
2018-03-20 18:14:30.271145+0800 GCD[56083:2580996] semaphore --- <NSThread: 0x60c000078880>{number = 8, name = (null)}
2018-03-20 18:14:30.271384+0800 GCD[56083:2576141] semaphore---end

    //通過信號實現鎖
- (void)semaphore1Action {
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
  dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      dispatch_async(queue, ^{
          // 相當于加鎖
          dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
          NSLog(@"i = %zd semaphore = %@", i, semaphore);
          // 相當于解鎖
          dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
      });
  }
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 18:16:21.561341+0800 GCD[56217:2582806] i = 0 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.561717+0800 GCD[56217:2582805] i = 1 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.561999+0800 GCD[56217:2582803] i = 2 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.562277+0800 GCD[56217:2582804] i = 3 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.562508+0800 GCD[56217:2582812] i = 4 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.562745+0800 GCD[56217:2582823] i = 5 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.562979+0800 GCD[56217:2582824] i = 6 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.563213+0800 GCD[56217:2582825] i = 7 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.563442+0800 GCD[56217:2582826] i = 8 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
2018-03-20 18:16:21.563671+0800 GCD[56217:2582827] i = 9 semaphore = <OS_dispatch_semaphore: 0x60c000084510>
  • 并發控制通過信號實現：
    void dispatch_async_limit(dispatch_queue_t queue,NSUInteger limitSemaphoreCount, dispatch_block_t block) {
  //控制并發數的信號量
  static dispatch_semaphore_t limitSemaphore;
  
  //專門控制并發等待的線程
  static dispatch_queue_t receiverQueue;
  
  //使用 dispatch_once而非 lazy 模式，防止可能的多線程搶占問題
  static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
  dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
      limitSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(limitSemaphoreCount);
      receiverQueue = dispatch_queue_create("receiver", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
  });
  
  // 如不加 receiverQueue 放在主線程會阻塞主線程
  dispatch_async(receiverQueue, ^{
      //可用信號量后才能繼續，否則等待
      dispatch_semaphore_wait(limitSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
      dispatch_async(queue, ^{
          !block ? : block();
          //在該工作線程執行完成后釋放信號量
          long semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_signal(limitSemaphore);
          if (semaphore > 0) {
              NSLog(@"\n");
          }
      });
  });
}

- (void)limitAction {
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      dispatch_async_limit([self serialQueue],3, ^{
          sleep(2);
          NSLog(@"------i = %d",i);
      });
  }
}

    輸出：
2018-03-20 17:33:45.367914+0800 GCD[55534:2553299] ------i = 1
2018-03-20 17:33:45.367914+0800 GCD[55534:2553303] ------i = 0
2018-03-20 17:33:45.367916+0800 GCD[55534:2553300] ------i = 2
2018-03-20 17:33:45.368276+0800 GCD[55534:2553303] 
2018-03-20 17:33:47.373465+0800 GCD[55534:2553300] ------i = 3
2018-03-20 17:33:47.373482+0800 GCD[55534:2553299] ------i = 4
2018-03-20 17:33:47.373496+0800 GCD[55534:2553302] ------i = 5
2018-03-20 17:33:47.373856+0800 GCD[55534:2553300] 
2018-03-20 17:33:49.379032+0800 GCD[55534:2553302] ------i = 6
2018-03-20 17:33:49.379048+0800 GCD[55534:2553299] ------i = 7
2018-03-20 17:33:49.379048+0800 GCD[55534:2553303] ------i = 8
2018-03-20 17:33:49.379452+0800 GCD[55534:2553299] 
2018-03-20 17:33:51.383480+0800 GCD[55534:2553301] ------i = 9
  • 源碼：

    代碼在這里

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