級別： ★☆☆☆☆
標簽：「iOS13」「Xcode11」「SceneDelegate」
作者： dac_1033
審校： QiShare團隊
Xcode 11 建新工程默認會創建通過 UIScene 管理多個 UIWindow 的應用，工程中除了 AppDelegate 外還會有一個 SceneDelegate，這是為了實現iPadOS支持多窗口的結果。AppDelegate.h不再有window屬性，window屬性被定義在了SceneDelegate.h中，AppDelegate中有新增的關于scene的代理方法，SceneDelegate中也有相應的代理方法。因此，當我們用Xcode11針對不同版本的iOS開發應用時，就要做一些適配。
創建好一個工程后，可以看到相關Xcode開發界面變成了下面這樣：
工程配置general
info.plist文件
AppDelegate.h中多了兩個默認的代理方法：
#pragma mark - UISceneSession lifecycle
/*
1.如果沒有在APP的Info.plist文件中包含scene的配置數據，或者要動態更改場景配置數據，需要實現此方法。 UIKit會在創建新scene前調用此方法。
2.方法會返回一個UISceneConfiguration對象，其包含其中包含場景詳細信息，包括要創建的場景類型，用于管理場景的委托對象以及包含要顯示的初始視圖控制器的情節提要。 如果未實現此方法，則必須在應用程序的Info.plist文件中提供場景配置數據。
總結下：默認在info.plist中進行了配置， 不用實現該方法也沒有關系。如果沒有配置就需要實現這個方法并返回一個UISceneConfiguration對象。
配置參數中Application Session Role 是個數組，每一項有三個參數:
Configuration Name: 當前配置的名字;
Delegate Class Name: 與哪個Scene代理對象關聯;
StoryBoard name: 這個Scene使用的哪個storyboard。
注意：代理方法中調用的是配置名為Default Configuration的Scene，則系統就會自動去調用SceneDelegate這個類。這樣SceneDelegate和AppDelegate產生了關聯。
*/
- (UISceneConfiguration *)application:(UIApplication *)application configurationForConnectingSceneSession:(UISceneSession *)connectingSceneSession options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)options {
// Called when a new scene session is being created.
// Use this method to select a configuration to create the new scene with.
return [[UISceneConfiguration alloc] initWithName:@"Default Configuration" sessionRole:connectingSceneSession.role];
}
// 在分屏中關閉其中一個或多個scene時候回調用
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didDiscardSceneSessions:(NSSet<UISceneSession *> *)sceneSessions {
// Called when the user discards a scene session.
// If any sessions were discarded while the application was not running, this will be called shortly after application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions.
// Use this method to release any resources that were specific to the discarded scenes, as they will not return.
}
SceneDelegate.m中的默認代理方法如下：
- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
// Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
// If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
// This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
}
- (void)sceneDidDisconnect:(UIScene *)scene {
// Called as the scene is being released by the system.
// This occurs shortly after the scene enters the background, or when its session is discarded.
// Release any resources associated with this scene that can be re-created the next time the scene connects.
// The scene may re-connect later, as its session was not neccessarily discarded (see `application:didDiscardSceneSessions` instead).
}
- (void)sceneDidBecomeActive:(UIScene *)scene {
// Called when the scene has moved from an inactive state to an active state.
// Use this method to restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) when the scene was inactive.
}
- (void)sceneWillResignActive:(UIScene *)scene {
// Called when the scene will move from an active state to an inactive state.
// This may occur due to temporary interruptions (ex. an incoming phone call).
}
- (void)sceneWillEnterForeground:(UIScene *)scene {
// Called as the scene transitions from the background to the foreground.
// Use this method to undo the changes made on entering the background.
}
- (void)sceneDidEnterBackground:(UIScene *)scene {
// Called as the scene transitions from the foreground to the background.
// Use this method to save data, release shared resources, and store enough scene-specific state information
// to restore the scene back to its current state.
}
1. 不需要多窗口（multiple windows）
如果需要支持iOS 13 及之前多個版本的iOS，且又不需要多個窗口的功能，可以刪除項目info.plist文件中的Application Scene Manifest的配置數據，AppDelegate中關于Scene的代理方法、SceneDelegate的類是否刪除都可以。
如果使用純代碼來實現顯示界面，需要在AppDelegate.h中手動添加window屬性，添加以下代碼即可：
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
[self.window setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
ViewController *con = [[ViewController alloc] init];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:con];
[self.window setRootViewController:nav];
[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
return YES;
}
2. 支持多窗口
iOS 13項目info.plist中的配置項Application Scene Manifest是針對iPad multiple windows功能推出的。在保留Application Scene Manifest配置項不予刪除時（其中，項目是否支持多窗口功能是個可勾選項），AppDelegate的生命周期方法不再起作用，需要在SceneDelegate中使用UIScene提供的生命周期方法，并且需要針對 iOS 13 需要在Scene中配置和 iOS 13 以下在AppDelegate中做兩套配置。
下面是純代碼實現界面顯示的代碼：
//// AppDelegate.m中
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
// Override point for customization after application launch.
if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
} else {
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
[self.window setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
ViewController *con = [[ViewController alloc] init];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:con];
[self.window setRootViewController:nav];
[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
}
return YES;
}
//// SceneDelegate.m中
- (void)scene:(UIScene *)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession *)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions *)connectionOptions {
//在這里手動創建新的window
if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
UIWindowScene *windowScene = (UIWindowScene *)scene;
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
[self.window setWindowScene:windowScene];
[self.window setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
ViewController *con = [[ViewController alloc] init];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:con];
[self.window setRootViewController:nav];
[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
}
}
注意：如果不使用storyboard，需要將配置中的storyboard項刪除：
general
info.plist
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