一、介紹

MongoDB 是一個高性能分布式文件存儲數據庫，通常采用官方的二進制包進行安裝.

二、MongoDB 安裝

• 使用官網二進制包安裝 （根據系統選擇對應的版本）

wget -c https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgz     -c 選項斷點續傳
tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8.tgz
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.8  /web/mongodb      //復制到指定目錄即可
cd /web/mongodb    
mkdir mongodb_db  //創建數據庫存放位置
/web/mongodb/bin/mongod --dbpath=/web/mongodb/mongodb_db/
指定數據庫
在另一個終端打開mongodb
/web/mongodb/bin/mongo
出現如下，則說明OK   
2016-04-13T06:58:53.672-0400 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** ......

• MongoDB服務加入隨機啟動

vi /etc/rc.local

• 使用vi編輯器打開配置文件，并在其中加入下面一行代碼

/web/mongodb/bin/mongod -dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/db --port 27017 -logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/log --logappend

• MongoDB服務客戶端加入環境變量

ln -s /web/ mongodb/bin/mongo  /usr/bin/ mongo

• 執行mongod啟動MongoDB服務器指定配置文件

/web/mongodb/bin/mongod --config mongodb.conf

三、mongodb和關系型數據庫的對比圖

四 、基本SHELL命令

創建一個數據庫
use [dbname] //此時你什么也沒有處理就離開則這個空數據庫會被刪除
給指定數據庫添加集合并且添加記錄
db.[documentname].insert({name:"zhangsan"}); //自動創建一個文檔ID
查看所有數據庫
show dbs //默認提供本地數據
查看數據庫中的所有文檔
show collections
官方文檔：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/crud/

五、 插入

1.db.collection.insert()

2.db.collection.insertOne() New in version 3.2

3.db.collection.insertMany() New in version 3.2

crud-annotated-mongodb-insert.png

1、db.collection.insert()

• 插入一個文檔沒有指定一個_id字段
  db.products.insert( { item: "card", qty: 15 } )
  備注：在插入期間,mongod將創建_id領域并為其分配一個獨一無二的ObjectId的文檔ID
  { "_id" : ObjectId("5063114bd386d8fadbd6b004"), "item" : "card", "qty" : 15 }
• 插入一個文檔指定一個_id字段
  db.products.insert( { _id: 10, item: "box", qty: 20 } )
{ "_id" : 10, "item" : "box", "qty" : 20 }
• 一次插入多條，使用數組對象

db.products.insert(
   [
     { _id: 11, item: "pencil", qty: 50, type: "no.2" },
     { item: "pen", qty: 20 },
     { item: "eraser", qty: 25 }
   ]
{ "_id" : 11, "item" : "pencil", "qty" : 50, "type" : "no.2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a0"), "item" : "pen", "qty" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a1"), "item" : "eraser", "qty" : 25 }

2、db.collection.insertOne() New in version 3.2.

• 插入一個文檔沒有指定一個_id字段

try {
   db.products.insertOne( { item: "card", qty: 15 } );
} catch (e) {
   print (e);
};

• 插入一個文檔指定一個_id字段

try {
   db.products.insertOne( { _id: 10, item: "box", qty: 20 } );
} catch (e) {
   print (e);
}

• 插入一個重復的索引值將拋出一個異常。

try {
   db.products.insertOne( { _id: 10, "item" : "packing peanuts", "qty" : 200 } );
} catch (e) {
   print (e);
}
//錯誤提示
WriteError({
   "index" : 0,
   "code" : 11000,
   "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: inventory.products index: _id_ dup key: { : 10.0 }",
   "op" : {
      "_id" : 10,
      "item" : "packing peanuts",
      "qty" : 200
   }
})

3、db.collection.insertMany() New in version 3.2.

• 插入一個文檔沒有指定一個_id字段

try {
   db.products.insertMany( [
      { item: "card", qty: 15 },
      { item: "envelope", qty: 20 },
      { item: "stamps" , qty: 30 }
   ] );
} catch (e) {
   print (e);
}
//輸出
{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "insertedIds" : [
      ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1a"),
      ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1b"),
      ObjectId("562a94d381cb9f1cd6eb0e1c")
   ]
}

• 插入一個文檔指定一個_id字段

try {
   db.products.insertMany( [
      { _id: 10, item: "large box", qty: 20 },
      { _id: 11, item: "small box", qty: 55 },
      { _id: 12, item: "medium box", qty: 30 }
   ] );
} catch (e) {
   print (e);
}
//輸出
{ "acknowledged" : true, "insertedIds" : [ 10, 11, 12 ] }

六、查詢

db.collection.find()

在插入示例文檔之前使用db.users.drop()刪除，避免相同文檔ID沖突。

crud-annotated-mongodb-find.png

db.users.insertMany(
  [
     {
       _id: 1,
       name: "sue",
       age: 19,
       type: 1,
       status: "P",
       favorites: { artist: "Picasso", food: "pizza" },
       finished: [ 17, 3 ],
       badges: [ "blue", "black" ],
       points: [
          { points: 85, bonus: 20 },
          { points: 85, bonus: 10 }
       ]
     },
     {
       _id: 2,
       name: "bob",
       age: 42,
       type: 1,
       status: "A",
       favorites: { artist: "Miro", food: "meringue" },
       finished: [ 11, 25 ],
       badges: [ "green" ],
       points: [
          { points: 85, bonus: 20 },
          { points: 64, bonus: 12 }
       ]
     },
     {
       _id: 3,
       name: "ahn",
       age: 22,
       type: 2,
       status: "A",
       favorites: { artist: "Cassatt", food: "cake" },
       finished: [ 6 ],
       badges: [ "blue", "red" ],
       points: [
          { points: 81, bonus: 8 },
          { points: 55, bonus: 20 }
       ]
     },
     {
       _id: 4,
       name: "xi",
       age: 34,
       type: 2,
       status: "D",
       favorites: { artist: "Chagall", food: "chocolate" },
       finished: [ 5, 11 ],
       badges: [ "red", "black" ],
       points: [
          { points: 53, bonus: 15 },
          { points: 51, bonus: 15 }
       ]
     },
     {
       _id: 5,
       name: "xyz",
       age: 23,
       type: 2,
       status: "D",
       favorites: { artist: "Noguchi", food: "nougat" },
       finished: [ 14, 6 ],
       badges: [ "orange" ],
       points: [
          { points: 71, bonus: 20 }
       ]
     },
     {
       _id: 6,
       name: "abc",
       age: 43,
       type: 1,
       status: "A",
       favorites: { food: "pizza", artist: "Picasso" },
       finished: [ 18, 12 ],
       badges: [ "black", "blue" ],
       points: [
          { points: 78, bonus: 8 },
          { points: 57, bonus: 7 }
       ]
     }
  ]
)

• 集合中的所有文檔
  db.users.find() //db.users.find().toArray() //轉數組形式
• 指定條件查詢
• 用戶集合所有文件status字段值為"A" db.users.find( { status: "A" } )
• 查詢操作符

比較運算符

邏輯運算符

詳細使用官方文檔： https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/

七、修改

db.collection.update()

crud-annotated-mongodb-update.png

db.collection.update()

db.collection.updateOne() New in version 3.2

db.collection.updateMany() New in version 3.2

db.collection.replaceOne() New in version 3.2

八、刪除

db.collection.remove()

crud-annotated-mongodb-remove.png

db.collection.remove()

db.collection.deleteOne() New in version 3.2

db.collection.deleteMany() New in version 3.2