本文基于 VirtualBox 5.2.16、CentOS 6.10（CentOS-6.10-x86_64-minimal.iso）編寫。
下載
- VirtualBox 下載地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
- CentOS 下載地址：https://www.centos.org/download/
安裝
略。
網絡配置
VirtualBox 配置
VirtualBox 網絡配置頁面
- 連接方式：選擇【橋接網卡】，此時 CentOS 相當于一臺新的電腦直接接入局域網
- 界面名稱：選擇當前電腦連接網絡使用的網卡
CentOS 配置
修改 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 配置文件，將 ONBOOT=no 改為 ONBOOT=yes，并重啟 network 服務：
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=此處為馬賽克
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=9e8e00ed-1dfd-4eb7-bd83-468500b29f4e
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
正在關閉接口 eth0： [確定]
關閉環回接口： [確定]
彈出環回接口： [確定]
彈出界面 eth0：
正在決定 eth0 的 IP 信息...完成。
[確定]
如需配置靜態 IP 地址，修改 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 配置文件，將 BOOTPROTO=dhcp 改為 BOOTPROTO=static，添加靜態 IP 信息（IPADDR、NETMASK、GATEWAY），并重啟 network 服務：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=此處為馬賽克
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=9e8e00ed-1dfd-4eb7-bd83-468500b29f4e
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.233
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1
測試網絡
使用 ifconfig -a 命令查詢 CentOS 的 IP 地址，使用 ping 命令測試是否可以訪問互聯網：
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 此處為馬賽克
inet addr:192.168.1.233 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 此處為馬賽克 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:893 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:565 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:85898 (83.8 KiB) TX bytes:88679 (86.6 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=4.12 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=6.76 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=13.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=4 ttl=52 time=13.1 ms
^C
--- www.baidu.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3172ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.128/9.341/13.277/4.006 ms
在本機使用 ssh 命令連接 CentOS：
[C:\~]$ ssh root@192.168.1.32
Connecting to 192.168.1.32:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
Last login: Fri Jul 27 15:24:00 2018 from 192.168.1.14
[root@localhost ~]#
軟件安裝
-
安裝 EPEL 擴展源
[root@localhost download]# yum install epel-release -
安裝 wget 工具
[root@localhost download]# yum install wget -
安裝 JDK 8
[root@localhost download]# wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u181-b13/96a7b8442fe848ef90c96a2fad6ed6d1/jdk-8u181-linux-x64.rpm [root@localhost download]# ll 總用量 166040 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 170023183 7月 9 10:05 jdk-8u181-linux-x64.rpm [root@localhost download]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u181-linux-x64.rpm warning: jdk-8u181-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:jdk1.8 ########################################### [100%] Unpacking JAR files... tools.jar... plugin.jar... javaws.jar... deploy.jar... rt.jar... jsse.jar... charsets.jar... localedata.jar... [root@localhost download]# java -version java version "1.8.0_181" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode) -
安裝 MySQL 5.7
MySQL 最新版本為 8.0，使用
yum安裝時，可以使用yum-config-manager設置激活版本號。[root@localhost download]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el6-1.noarch.rpm [root@localhost download]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el6-1.noarch.rpm [root@localhost download]# yum repolist all | grep mysql mysql-cluster-7.5-community MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community 禁用 mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - Sou 禁用 mysql-cluster-7.6-community MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community 禁用 mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - Sou 禁用 mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community 啟用: 59 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sour 禁用 mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community 啟用: 65 mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用 mysql-tools-preview MySQL Tools Preview 禁用 mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source 禁用 mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用 mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sour 禁用 mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用 mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sour 禁用 mysql57-community MySQL 5.7 Community Server 禁用 mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sour 禁用 mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server 啟用: 29 mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sour 禁用 [root@localhost download]# yum install yum-utils [root@localhost download]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community [root@localhost download]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community [root@localhost download]# yum install mysql-community-server [root@localhost download]# service mysqld status mysqld 已停 [root@localhost download]# service mysqld start 正在啟動 mysqld： [確定] [root@localhost download]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2018-07-27T17:05:25.224648Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5y>Xwt&dr%qM [root@localhost download]# mysql -uroot -p5y>Xwt&dr%qM mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE USER 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@localhost download]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables [root@localhost download]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT [root@localhost download]# service iptables restart iptables：將鏈設置為政策 ACCEPT：filter [確定] iptables：清除防火墻規則： [確定] iptables：正在卸載模塊： [確定] iptables：應用防火墻規則： [確定]此時，便可以通過局域網，使用
3306端口、用戶名user、密碼MyNewPass4!連接該 MySQL。 -
安裝 Redis 4.0
[root@localhost download]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@localhost download]# cd /opt [root@localhost opt]# tar -xzf /home/download/redis-4.0.10.tar.gz [root@localhost opt]# cd redis-4.0.10/ [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# yum install gcc [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# make [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# yum install tcl [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# make test [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# make install [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# make clean [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# mkdir /var/lib/redis [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# cp redis.conf /etc/redis.conf [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# vi /etc/redis.conf修改如下配置信息：
# 開啟守護線程模式 daemonize yes # 指定生成的日志文件 logfile /var/log/redis.log # 指定持久化數據保存目錄 dir /var/lib/redis[root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# cp utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# vi /etc/init.d/redis修改如下配置信息：
# 指定Redis配置文件位置 CONF="/etc/redis.conf"現在就可以使用
service命令啟動、關閉 Redis 服務器：[root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# service redis start Starting Redis server... [root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# service redis stop Stopping ... Waiting for Redis to shutdown ... Redis stopped設置開機自啟：
[root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# chkconfig --add redis跟蹤日志：
[root@localhost redis-4.0.10]# tailf /var/log/redis.log -
安裝 RabbitMQ 3.7
[root@localhost download]# wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases/download/v20.3.8.4/erlang-20.3.8.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost download]# yum install erlang-20.3.8.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost download]# wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.7.7/rabbitmq-server-3.7.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm [root@localhost download]# yum install rabbitmq-server-3.7.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm [root@localhost download]# service rabbitmq-server start查看日志：
[root@localhost download]# more /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit\@localhost.log -
安裝 ZooKeeper
[root@localhost download]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/stable/zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz [root@localhost download]# cd /opt [root@localhost opt]# tar -xzf /home/download/zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz [root@localhost opt]# cd zookeeper-3.4.12 [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.12]# cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg [root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.12]# vi conf/zoo.cfg修改
dataDir，并增加dataLogDir配置：dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper dataLogDir=/var/log/zookeeper[root@localhost zookeeper-3.4.12]# cd /etc/init.d [root@localhost init.d]# touch zookeeper [root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x zookeeper [root@localhost init.d]# vi zookeeper增加如下配置信息：
#!/bin/sh # Purpose: This script starts and stops the Zookeeper daemon # chkconfig: - 90 10 # description: Zookeeper daemon ZOO_LOG_DIR=/var/log/zookeeper ZOO_LOG4J_PROP=INFO,ROLLINGFILE export ZOO_LOG_DIR export ZOO_LOG4J_PROP source /etc/profile cd /opt/zookeeper-3.4.12 bin/zkServer.sh $1[root@localhost init.d]# service zookeeper start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost init.d]# service zookeeper status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: standalone [root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add zookeeper [root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig zookeeper on [root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig|grep zookeeper zookeeper 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啟用 3:啟用 4:啟用 5:啟用 6:關閉
附錄
CentOS 常用系統目錄結構
-
/binbin 是 Binary 的縮寫, 這個目錄存放著最經常使用的命令。 -
/etc這個目錄用來存放所有的系統管理所需要的配置文件和子目錄。 -
/home用戶的主目錄，在 Linux 中，每個用戶都有一個自己的目錄，一般該目錄名是以用戶的賬號命名的。 -
/opt這是給主機額外安裝軟件所擺放的目錄。比如你安裝一個 ORACLE 數據庫則就可以放到這個目錄下。默認是空的。 -
/root該目錄為系統管理員，也稱作超級權限者的用戶主目錄。 -
/sbins 就是 Super User 的意思，這里存放的是系統管理員使用的系統管理程序。 -
/tmp這個目錄是用來存放一些臨時文件的。 -
/usr這是一個非常重要的目錄，用戶的很多應用程序和文件都放在這個目錄下，類似于 windows 下的 program files 目錄。 -
/var這個目錄中存放著在不斷擴充著的東西，我們習慣將那些經常被修改的目錄放在這個目錄下。包括各種日志文件。
