設計模式和架構

面試題

1.講講MVC、MVVM、MVP，以及你在項目中是如何使用的？
2.你自己用過哪些設計模式？
3.一般開始一個項目，你的架構是如何思考的？

演示代碼 DesignPatternsArchitectures

架構

DesignPatterns_Architectures_1.png

MVC - Apple版

DesignPatterns_Architectures_2.png

【mvc相信大家都用過，這里就不舉例了】

MVC – 變種

DesignPatterns_Architectures_3.png

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MyApp.h"
#import "MyAppView.h"

@interface ViewController () <MyAppViewDelegate>
@end

@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    // 創建view
    MyAppView *appView = [[MyAppView alloc] init];
    appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
    appView.delegate = self;
    [self.view addSubview:appView];
    
    // 加載模型數據
    MyApp *app = [[MyApp alloc] init];
    app.name = @"QQ";
    app.image = @"QQ";
    
    // 設置數據到view上
    appView.app = app;
}

#pragma mark - MyAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView *)appView{
    NSLog(@"控制器監聽到了appView的點擊");
}
@end


MyApp.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface MyApp : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end

MyApp.m
#import "MyApp.h"
@implementation MyApp
@end


MyAppView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@class MyApp, MyAppView;
@protocol MyAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView *)appView;
@end

@interface MyAppView : UIView
@property (strong, nonatomic) MyApp *app;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MyAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end

MyAppView.m
#import "MyAppView.h"
#import "MyApp.h"
@interface MyAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) UILabel *nameLabel;
@end

@implementation MyAppView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
        UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
        iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
        [self addSubview:iconView];
        _iconView = iconView;
        
        UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
        nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
        nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:nameLabel];
        _nameLabel = nameLabel;
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setApp:(MyApp *)app{
    _app = app;
    self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.image];
    self.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
        [self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
    }
}
@end

MVP

DesignPatterns_Architectures_4.png

MyApp.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface MyApp : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end

MyApp.m
#import "MyApp.h"
@implementation MyApp
@end

MyAppView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@class MyAppView;
@protocol MyAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView *)appView;
@end

@interface MyAppView : UIView
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name andImage:(NSString *)image;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MyAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end

MyAppView.m
#import "MyAppView.h"
@interface MyAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) UILabel *nameLabel;
@end

@implementation MyAppView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
        UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
        iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
        [self addSubview:iconView];
        _iconView = iconView;
        
        UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
        nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
        nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:nameLabel];
        _nameLabel = nameLabel;
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name andImage:(NSString *)image
{
    _iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:image];
    _nameLabel.text = name;
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
        [self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
    }
}

@end

MyAppPresenter.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class MyApp, MyAppView;
@interface MyAppPresenter : UIView
@property (strong, nonatomic) MyApp *app;
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller;
@end

MyAppPresenter.m
#import "MyAppPresenter.h"
#import "MyApp.h"
#import "MyAppView.h"

@interface MyAppPresenter() <MyAppViewDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIViewController *controller;
@end

@implementation MyAppPresenter
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.controller = controller;
        
        // 創建View
        MyAppView *appView = [[MyAppView alloc] init];
        appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
        appView.delegate = self;
        [controller.view addSubview:appView];
        
        // 加載模型數據
        MyApp *app = [[MyApp alloc] init];
        app.name = @"QQ";
        app.image = @"QQ";
        
        // 賦值數據
        [appView setName:app.name andImage:app.image];
    }
    return self;
}

#pragma mark - MyAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView *)appView{
    NSLog(@"presenter 監聽了 appView 的點擊");
}
@end

ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MyAppPresenter.h"

@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) MyAppPresenter *presenter;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.presenter = [[MyAppPresenter alloc] initWithController:self];
}
@end

MVVM

DesignPatterns_Architectures_5.png

和MVP的區別：可以監聽屬性的改變做出相應的操作

【KVOController】
facebook推出的屬性監聽（github）
也可使用RAC

MyApp_3.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface MyApp_3 : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end

MyApp_3.m
#import "MyApp_3.h"
@implementation MyApp_3
@end

MyAppView_3.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@class MyAppView_3, MyAppViewModel;
@protocol MyAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView_3 *)appView;
@end

@interface MyAppView_3 : UIView
@property (weak, nonatomic) MyAppViewModel *viewModel;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MyAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end

MyAppView_3.m
#import "MyAppView_3.h"
#import <NSObject+FBKVOController.h>

@interface MyAppView_3()
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) UILabel *nameLabel;
@end

@implementation MyAppView_3
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
        UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
        iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
        [self addSubview:iconView];
        _iconView = iconView;
        
        UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
        nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
        nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        [self addSubview:nameLabel];
        _nameLabel = nameLabel;
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setViewModel:(MyAppViewModel *)viewModel{
    _viewModel = viewModel;
    __weak typeof(self) waekSelf = self;
    [self.KVOController observe:viewModel keyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(id _Nullable observer, id _Nonnull object, NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> * _Nonnull change) {
        waekSelf.nameLabel.text = change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];
    }];
    
    [self.KVOController observe:viewModel keyPath:@"image" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(id _Nullable observer, id _Nonnull object, NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> * _Nonnull change) {
        waekSelf.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]];
   }];
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
        [self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
    }
}
@end

MyAppViewModel.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface MyAppViewModel : NSObject
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller;
@end

MyAppViewModel.m
#import "MyAppViewModel.h"
#import "MyApp_3.h"
#import "MyAppView_3.h"

@interface MyAppViewModel() <MyAppViewDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIViewController *controller;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end

@implementation MyAppViewModel
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.controller = controller;
        
        // 創建View
        MyAppView_3 *appView = [[MyAppView_3 alloc] init];
        appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
        appView.delegate = self;
        appView.viewModel = self;
        [controller.view addSubview:appView];
        
        // 加載模型數據
        MyApp_3 *app = [[MyApp_3 alloc] init];
        app.name = @"QQ";
        app.image = @"QQ.jpg";
        
        // 設置數據
        self.name = app.name;
        self.image = app.image;
    }
    return self;
}

#pragma mark - MyAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MyAppView_3 *)appView{
    NSLog(@"viewModel 監聽了 appView 的點擊");
    self.name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"數字:%ld",random()%100];
}
@end

///使用
#import "ViewController_3.h"
#import "MyAppViewModel.h"

@interface ViewController_3 ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) MyAppViewModel *viewModel;
@end

@implementation ViewController_3
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.viewModel = [[MyAppViewModel alloc] initWithController:self];
}
@end


//======================使用RAC來監聽=====================
- (void)setViewModel:(MyAppViewModel *)viewModel{
    _viewModel = viewModel;
    __weak typeof(self) waekSelf = self;
       
    //RAC
    [[self.viewModel rac_valuesForKeyPath:@"name" observer:self] subscribeNext:^(id x) {
        waekSelf.nameLabel.text = x;
    }];
    
    [[self.viewModel rac_valuesForKeyPath:@"image"observer:self] subscribeNext:^(id x) {
         waekSelf.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:x];
    }];
}

三層架構

DesignPatterns_Architectures_6.png

設計模式

DesignPatterns_Architectures_7.png

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