一、 狀語從句

1、?狀語從句的構成

句式 1：引導詞（連詞）+狀語從句+“，”+主句

句式 2：主句+引導詞（連詞）+狀語從句

兩個句式可以對調：

When I was young, I’d listen to the radio.

I’d listen to the radio when I was young.

2、狀語從句引導詞

狀語從句的引導詞是按照引導詞本身的意思分的類，一共分為九類： 時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、方式和比較。

3、狀語從句時態

1 ）當主句謂語為過去時，從句謂語使用相應的過去時態。

When I entered the home, my husband had finished his meal.? ?我進屋時，我的丈夫已經吃完飯了。

2 ）當主句謂語為將來時，從句謂語使用一般現在時，用“現在”表示“將來”。（換句話說：狀語從句中，當主句和從句的動作都未發生時，主句使用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時表示將來。簡稱“主將從現”。）

If he accepts the offer, he’ll be going abroad.? ?如果他接受那個工作，他就要到國外去了。

二、九大狀語從句

1、原因狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞）：because，since，as，for 等。

特殊引導詞：in that，considering that，given that, seeing that，now that 等。

注意咱們前面學習的表示原因的介詞，它們后面只能跟名詞（短語），不能跟從句： because ,of，due to，for the sake of, owing to，thanks to，as a result of 等。

舉例：

① 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。

【翻譯】 I can't get to sleep because it's noisy outside.或 I can't get to sleep because of the noise outside.

② 既然外面在下雨，那我們最好待在家里。

【翻譯】Since it's raining outside, we'd better stay at home.或 As a result of the rain, we'd better stay at home.

2、讓步狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞）：although，though；even if，even though，as，while 等。

特殊引導詞：no matter...（無論......），in spite of the fact that （雖然，盡管），whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever 等。

① 雖然他已經精疲力竭了，但他仍然繼續工作。

【翻譯】 Although/Though he was exhausted, he still kept on working.

② 不管你是誰，你都需要遵紀守法。

【翻譯】No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.

小試牛刀

① 劉老師堅持上課（加讓步狀語）。

【拓展句】Although in poor health, Mr Liu continued to give lectures.? 雖然身體不好，劉老師堅持上課

② 上網會影響青少年的工作和學習。

【拓展句】Surfing on the internet exerts great influence on the study and work of teenagers and youngsters, although it definitely makes our daily life more convenient.??上網會影響青少年的工作和學習，雖然它的確使我們的生活變得更方便

小結：讓步狀語可以寫在作文中任何一句話的旁邊，對這句話的意思進行弱轉折。

舉例： Playing basketball makes me healthier and more active.? ?打籃球讓我變得更健康更積極。

【拓展句】Playing basketball makes me healthier and more active although it takes some time.? ?打籃球讓我變得更健康更積極，盡管會占用一些時間。

3、條件狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞） ：if，unless （除非），as/so long as （只要），only if （只要），等。

特殊引導詞 ：providing/provided that （假如），supposing (that) （假如），in case?that （以防），on condition that （如果）等。

① 如果你不早點動身，你就不能及時趕到那兒。（主將從現）

【翻譯】You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

② 我可以告訴你真相，條件是你答應保密。

【翻譯】 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.

4、比較狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞）：as，than 。

特殊引導詞：the more... the more...，more than，more... than...，not so much... as...等。

① Nowadays people live longer than (people lived/did) in the past.（主謂一致省略）

【翻譯】 如今人的壽命要比之前的人長。

② Mrs Liu did not care as much about students' grades as (she cared) about students' efforts.（主謂一致省略）

【翻譯】劉老師更關注同學們的努力而不是他們的成績。

1 ）the more... the more... 越......，越......

①你爬得越高，就看得越遠。

【翻譯】 The higher one climbs, the farther he will see.

②用腦越多，思維越活躍。

【翻譯】The more you use your brain, the more active your mind will be.

③政府越快地采取措施，這個問題越能得到有效地解決。

【翻譯】 The faster authorities take measures, the more effectively the issue will be?handled.

注意：形容詞或副詞的選擇問題

如果分句的謂語是實義動詞，就要用副詞來修飾，如果分句的謂語是系動詞，就用形容詞。

The happier you are, the luckier you will be.

The more happily you live, the luckier you will be.

the more... the more... 句型，在滿足一定條件下可以將句子的主語和動詞省略。

The sooner，the better. 越快越好。

The more， the merrier. 人越多越熱鬧。

2 ）more than 的用法

① 后跟名詞（短語），譯為“不僅僅是”。

Dayan is more than a teacher, she is a writer, too.

【翻譯】大雁不僅僅是一個老師，她還是一個作家。

② 后跟動詞 ，同后跟名詞，翻譯成“不僅僅是”。

They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

【翻譯】他們可能教得很好，并且不僅僅是為了掙錢，但是他們中的大多數人很少或者從來沒有獨立地思考過涉及道德判斷的人類問題。

③ 后跟形容詞或副詞，譯為“非常”。

In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.

【翻譯】做實驗時必須非常認真使用實驗器材。

④ 后跟數詞，譯為“多于，超過，比......多”。

More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.

【翻譯】我們的星球 70%的表面被水覆蓋。

3 ）not so much A as B 與其說 A，倒不如說 B

① The Pursuit of Happiness is not so much a movie as chicken soup for the soul.

【翻譯】《當幸福來敲門》與其說是一部電影，不如說它是心靈雞湯。

② Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

【翻譯】他們說，科學的發展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進了的技術和工具等更為普通的東西。

4 ）more A than B 與其說 B，不如說 A

He is more clever than funny.? ? 與其說他有趣，還不如說他聰明。

The actress looks more cute than beautiful.? ? 這個女演員與其說漂亮不如說可愛。

5 ）A is to B what/as C is to D.

A 對于 B 就如同 C 對于 D

① Air is to us what/as water is to fish.? ? 空氣對于我們猶如水對于魚一樣重要。

② Railway is to a country what blood vessel is to a man's body.? ? 鐵路對于國家好比血管對于人體一樣。

試著仿寫句子：

Interests are to Teenagers and youngsters as perfume is to flowers.? ? 興趣對于年輕人來說，就像芬芳對于花兒一樣。

6）not so much as = not even 甚至不 / 沒有

① He can not so much as spell this simple word.? ? 他甚至連這么簡單的單詞也不會拼。

② He has not so much as money for instant noodles.? ? 他連吃泡面的錢都沒有。

7 ）as... as... 和...... 一樣......

① 體育很重要。

【拓展句】Physics is as important as mathematics (is).

② 大雁長得很美。

【拓展句】 Liu is as beautiful as a white lily which symbolizes purity.

③ 污染很嚴重。

【拓展句】 Pollution becomes as serious as earthquakes, which have threatened our existence or even taken people's lives away.

④ 我媽媽很善良

【拓展句】My mother is as kind as an angel, who treats every one with sympathy.? ?我的母親就像天使一樣善良，用憐憫之心對待每個人。

5、目的狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞）：so that，in order that 。

常見的動詞不定式也可以表示目的： to ，in order to ，so as to ，后跟動詞原形。

① 為了能趕上早班車，我很早就起床了。

I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.或 I get up early in order to catch the early bus.

②為了能有一個更美好的未來，我決定參加考研生考試。

I make a decision to take part in the examination of postgraduate so that I could have a more brilliant future.? 或 I make a decision to take part in the examination of postgraduate in order to have a more brilliant future.

注意：使用 in order to 表示目的一定要保持前后主語一致，主語不一致時只能用 in order , that或 so that，

We do the cleaning every day so that our classroom will be more beautiful.

6、方式狀語從句

只要一個單詞翻譯成“好像、似乎”，都是方式狀語從句。

常用引導詞（連詞） ：as ，as if，as though （好像，似乎）。

特殊引導詞： the way （方式）等。

介詞（短語）也表示方式 ：in... way，in... manner（以 ......的方式），by，through，等。

① 我們必須按老師說的步驟做實驗?

We must do the experiment as the teacher tells us (to do).

② 通過一種冷靜的、客觀的方式，他破解了這個密碼。

The password was decoded by him in a dispassionate and objective manner.

③ 童年的一幕幕呈現在我的腦海，仿佛就是剛剛發生的事一樣。

Everything in my childhood appeared in my mind as if/as though they had just happened .

④ 他是一個快活的人，似乎沒有任何憂愁煩惱。

He is a happy man as if/as though he had no worries and cares in the world.

⑤請像我這樣讀這個單詞。

Please pronounce the word the way I do.

7、結果狀語從句

常見引導詞（連詞） ：so... that ，such... that ，so that 等。

特殊引導詞： to the degree that ，to the extent that ，to such a degree that 等。

so... that 和 such... that，so that 的區別：

1 ）so... that 的用法

① so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.? ? 風刮得如此猛烈，以致我們幾乎是寸步難行。

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.? ? 他所受教育很少,不適合做這個工作。

②so + few / little/many/much+名詞+ that

He made so many mistakes that he faild the exam.? ? ? 他出了那么多錯，所以他未通過考試。

There is so little money in his pocket that he has decided to leave her.? ? ?他口袋里的錢如此少，以至于他決定離開她。

③ so + 形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+ that

It was so good a movie that I went to see it several times.? ? 這個電影太好看了，我去看了好幾次。

He was so busy a man at that time that he didn’t go to sleep for three days.? ? 他那時是一個如此忙碌的人，以至于一連三天都沒睡覺。

2 ）such... that 的用法

① such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數名詞單數 +that

Dayan is such a nice teacher that we all respect her.? ? 大雁是非常好的老師， 我們都很尊敬她。

He is such a person that all friends have left him.? ? 他是這樣一個人，以至于所有的朋友都離他而去。

② such + 形容詞 + 可數名詞復數/不可數名詞 +that

They are such strong athletes that they will win definitely in the competition.? ? 他們是如此強大的運動員，他們肯定會在比賽中獲勝。

It is such bad weather that we all stay at home.? ? 天氣不好我們只能待在家里。

小結：

① so that 的用法：

既可以引導目的狀語從句，也可以引導結果狀語從句。

引導目的狀語從句時，會和情態動詞連用；

引導結果狀語從句時，則不和情態動詞連用。

② 作文中只要出現形容詞或副詞的地方，都可以考慮寫成?so...that 。so...that可以寫成倒裝，是滿分句型。

舉例：

① She runs so quickly that crazy dogs fail to catch up with her.? ?她跑的如此快以致于瘋狗都追不上她。

② I fell so delighted that I cannot help singing and jumping.? ?我很開心以致于我情不自禁又唱又跳。

③ I take exercise every day so that I can lose weight.? ?我天天鍛煉是為了減肥。

④ It was very cold outside, so that the river froze.? ?天氣寒冷，河水都結冰了。

8、時間狀語從句

常見的引導詞（連詞）：

when

as（一邊......一邊....../ 隨著......）

while （在 ......期間）

once （一旦）

as soon as （一......就......）

before （在......之前）

after （在......之后）

since （自從......以來）

not...until （直到......才）

until/till （直到......時）等。

1) 引導詞

特殊引導詞：

the moment （一 ...... 就）

every time （每 當）

the instant （當......的時候）

immediately

directly

no sooner... than

hardly... when

scarcely... when（這 五個意思相同，都譯為“一......就”）。

2) 區別 when ，while 和 as

① when 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性動詞，也可以是瞬間動詞， 通常翻譯成“當......時”。

I was out when you called me.

你給我打電話的時候我正好在外面 。（瞬間動詞）

② while 引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞， 并且基本上都是進行時態；

While my husband was playing computer games, I was doing housework.? ?當我丈夫玩游戲時，我正在做家務。

Some people believe smoking is harmful to health, while others consider smoking is helpful for reducing working pressure.? ?有些人認為吸煙有害健康，而另一些人則認為吸煙有助于減輕工作壓力。

③ as 引導的從句的謂語動詞是延續性動詞，通常表達的意思是“一邊......一邊......”，一般用于主句 和從句動作同時發生的情況； as 也可翻譯為“隨著......”。

He jumps as he goes along.? ?他邊走邊跳。

As you grow older, you will know better about yourself。? ?隨著年齡的增長，你會越來越了解你自己。

3）no sooner...than 和 hardly...when 作引導詞的用法

a. 含義: 表示 " 一......就 ...... " 。

b. 時態: 主句用過去完成時 , 從句用一般過去時 。

① Tiechui had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.? ?鐵錘剛一到家 , 老板又要他出另一次差。

② Dayan had hardly had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.? ? 大雁剛想坐下來休息一會兒 , 電話又響了。

c. 高級用法:

no sooner...than 和 hardly...when 引導時間狀語從句時可以使用倒裝句式 , 因此上述句子可改成:

① No sooner had Tiechui arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.

② Hardly had Dayan had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.

4 ）when 引導時間狀語從句的特殊用法

when 引導時間狀語從句 , 如果從句和主句的主語一致 , 并且從句的謂語中有 be 動詞 , 那么從句的主語和 be 動詞可以一起省略。

When I was a young girl, I would often listen to songs sung by Jeff zhang .??

When a young girl, I would often listen to songs sung by Jeff zhang .（主語和謂語一致可省略）

?當我還是小女孩時，我喜歡聽張信哲的歌。

5 ）區分 until 和 not... until

not until/until 兩者皆可接延續性動詞和暫短性動詞.

a. not...until 翻譯為 "直到 ......才”, 比如:

I did not go home until my mother called me.? ?我直到媽媽打電話給我才回家。

not until/until 兩者皆可接延續性動詞和暫短性動詞.

b. 當 not until 位于句首時 , 也就是否定詞放在句首，主句要倒裝 。

其結構為: Not until+從句/表 時間的詞+助動詞+ ( 主句 ) 主語+謂語 。

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.? ?直到老師進來學生們才停止講話。

Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.? ?直到下周才開運動會。

not until/until 兩者皆可接延續性動詞和暫短性動詞.

c. not until 的強調結構為:

It is/was not until+從句/表時間的詞+that+... , 上面兩句改為強調句

It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.

It is not until next week that the sports meeting will be held.

until 指“直到”

Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.? ?往前走,直到你看見交通燈.

小試牛刀

直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

【翻譯】 I did not realize how much time I had wasted until I began to work.

直到宋剛自殺，李光頭才又記起了和他的兄弟情義。

【 翻 譯 】 It was not until Song Gang committed suicide that Li Bald headed remembered his brotherly friendship with him.

9、地點狀語從句

常用引導詞（連詞） ：where。

特殊引導詞： wherever ，anywhere ，everywhere 等。

① 這種植物在潮濕的地方生長的很好。

This kind of plant grows well in a moist place. (介詞短語做狀語）

This kind of plant grows well where it is moist . (從句做狀語）

② 有志者事竟成。

Where there's a will, there's a way.（從句做狀語）

There's a way with a will. (介詞短語做狀語）

where 既可以引導地點狀語從句，也可以引導定語從句，區分這兩種句子, 關鍵是看 where是否指代的先行詞; 如果 where 指代前面的先行詞, 引導的從句就是定語從句, 否則就是地點狀語從句。

③ Keep your phone where you can see it.

把手機放在你看得見的地方。【地點狀語從句】

④ The bookstore where I bought this magazine is not far from here.

我買這本雜志的書店離這里不遠。【定語從句】