英國稅收 去往何處（2）

Departments can make efficiency improvements up to a point,but eventually ever-small bugets make it difficult to provide core service,measures of performance started to go south frome around 2014,

部門可以將效率提高一個點，但最終規模較小的預算難以提供核心服務。從監獄到國家衛生服務機構，績效指標從2014年左右開始上升

according to a recent report frome the Institute for Goverment,a think-tank.The rate of child poverty,which fell during the 2000s,is now rising sharply,in part because of big cuts in workong-age benfits.

這是根據政府智囊機構最近的一份報告得出的。兒童貧困效率在2000年期間下降，現在急劇上升，部分原因是由于工作年齡福利大幅削減。

Since the election in 2015 the government has subtly adopted a new approach cuts,more on tax rises.In the average budget or autumn statement since then,the govement since then,the govermnent has called for tax rises four timws as the average in the parliament of 2010-15.

自2015年大選以來，政府巧妙地采用了一種新的緊縮政策：少關注削減開支，多關注增加稅收。在平均預算或秋季聲明之后，政府已呼吁比議會在2010-2015年的平均稅收增加四倍。

Granted,the personal allowance for income tax has risen.The headline rate of coporation tax has been cut.

的確，個人所得稅免稅額已上升。公司稅的總稅額已被削減。

Yet increases in less-noticed charges such as environmental taxes,stamp duty (a levy on property transactions)and insurance-premium tax(levied on everything frome holiday tax(levied on everything frome holiday to vehicle insurance) have more than compensated.

然而，增加較少關注的費用，如環境稅，印花稅（物業交易稅）和保險稅（征收的一切從假日到車輛保險）已超過所給的補償了。

Mr Hammond is fast gaining a reputation as a tax-grabber.In his first budget in March the chancellor pencilled in a reduction in the tax-free allowance for dividend income frome 5,000 pounds to 2,000 pounds.

哈蒙得贏得作為一個“稅收-攫取者”的名聲。財政大臣預計在三月第一個預算中為股息收入從5000英磅減少免稅額。

He also proposed an increase in the national-insurance contributions paid by the self-employed-though this was hastily,and embarrassingly,withdrawn after an outcry from newspapers and Tory backbenchers.

他還提出增加在個體國民保險稅，雖然這很匆忙，也令人尷尬，但在報社和保守黨后座議員的強烈抗議后就撤回了。

In all,following recent revision to official economic forecasts,it is now expected that in 2018-19 the tax burden,expressed as a percentage of GDP,will be at its highest level since the mid-1980s.Mrs May's "instinct" may well being bound by Britain's unforgiving fiscal arithmetic.

總之，隨著最近對官方經濟預測的修訂，現在預計在2018年-2019年度稅賦，用GDP的百分比表示，將達到自上世紀80年代中期以來的最高水平。梅的“本能”可能時降低稅收，但她不得不被美國無情的財政預算約束。

October 7, 2017 5:20 PM 2017/10/7