來源 http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_archive.html
小游戲http://www.apolloarchive.com/lander.html
最全的阿波羅檔案網，還可以購買CD-ROM和DVD www.apolloarchive.com
"Contact Light"
"Contact Light" is a nostalgic and personal look back at man's first voyages to the Moon, not from the perspective of a participant, nor from that of a historian, but instead from my own perspective as a young teenager at the time of Apollo, and an avid follower of the space program. Featured here are many "artifacts" and souvenirs from the period, as well as many rare, high-quality NASA images and video clips from the historic Apollo missions.
"Contact Light"是懷舊和個人回顧人類第一次登月，不是從參與者的角度，也不是從歷史學家的角度來看，而是從我自己的觀點看，作為阿波羅時代的青少年，和空間計劃的狂熱追隨者。 這里有許多“文物”和紀念品，以及來自歷史悠久的阿波羅任務的許多罕見的，高質量的NASA圖像和視頻剪輯。
I consider myself lucky to have grown up in the 1960's. What better perspective to have had than that of a twelve-year-old, old enough to be awestruck by the distant views of Earth beamed down from the capsule of Apollo 8 on Christmas Eve of 1968, but too young to fully comprehend or overly concern myself with the violence and unrest that concurrently plagued a troubled America.
我認為自己很幸運能夠在1960年代長大。 在1968年圣誕節前夕，從阿波羅8號的太空艙中向遠處觀看地球的遙遠景色，對于一個十二歲大的人來說，有什么更好的觀點可以讓人震驚，但是我自己太年輕，無法完全理解或過度關注同時困擾著陷入困境的美國的暴力和動亂。
The era of the "space race" was an exciting period in which to live, and even as a child, one could not help but be aware of the fierce competition that was underway with the Russians, who had taken an early lead by placing the first human (Yuri Gagarin) in Earth orbit. Accompanying the early days of the space-frenzy from a young boy's perspective were toy rockets and models, lunchboxes featuring the space-art of Chesley Bonestell, space-oriented comics, Weekly Reader articles, and television fare such as "Fireball XL-5."
“太空競賽”的時代是一個令人興奮的時期，即使是小時候， 人們忍不住意識到正在與俄羅斯人展開激烈的競爭，俄羅斯人通過將第一個人（尤里·加加林）置于地球軌道上而早期領先。 從小男孩的角度來看，早期的太空狂熱是玩具火箭和模型，午餐盒以Chesley Bonestell的太空藝術，空間漫畫，周刊讀者文章和電視票價如“Fireball XL-5”為特色。 “
The President's Challenge
I was only age five at the time of John Glenn's "Friendship 7" flight and I have only a vague recollection of the televised ticker-tape parades that followed it. However, I do remember the assassination of President Kennedy a year and half later, particularly the somber mood at my family's dinner table that evening, and the restless, riderless horse from the televised funeral coverage a few days later. It was President Kennedy who had committed America to Moon, when on May 25, 1961, only twenty days following the flight of America's first man into space (Alan Shepard), he said:
"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish."
在[約翰格倫的“友誼7”]航班時我只有五歲，而且我對電視后的自動收錄機游行只有一個模糊的回憶。 但是，我確實記得肯尼迪總統一年半后被暗殺，特別是那天晚上我家的餐桌上的憂郁情緒，以及幾天后電視葬禮報道中不安分，無人駕駛的馬。 1961年5月25日，在美國第一個人逃往太空（Alan Shepard）后僅僅二十天，肯尼迪總統將美國送到了月球，他說：
“我相信這個國家應該致力于在這個十年結束之前實現這個目標，讓一個人登上月球并將他安全地送回地球。在這個時期，沒有任何一個太空項目對人類更令人印象深刻，或者更重要在遠程空間探索中，沒有一個能夠實現這樣的困難或昂貴。“
Project Apollo
Project Mercury concluded in 1963 after six successful Earth-orbital and sub-orbital flights, and Project Gemini continued paving the way to the Moon in March of 1965. While I followed the Gemini flights with enthusiasm, I was more intrigued by the planned Apollo missions. In 1964, I had obtained a set of 21 "Viewmaster" images depicting NASA's Project Apollo. The stereo photographs portrayed an amazing voyage to the moon, beginning with a launch of a multi-stage Saturn rocket, and culminating with "Doug" and "Eric"'s descent to the lunar surface in a vehicle described as the "bug." In the visual story, the two astronauts soon discovered water on the moon in addition to "fluorescent" moon rocks! In the concluding scene, the astronauts are depicted presenting the president with lunar samples. Also, one of the books I ordered in 1965 from the yearly Scholastic Book Services selections was "Project Apollo," a thin children's paperback that described and illustrated the planned moon missions, including the mammoth Saturn rocket and the spindly and curious "Lunar Excursion
阿波羅計劃
水星計劃于1963年在六次成功的地球 - 軌道和亞軌道飛行后結束，而雙子座計劃于1965年3月繼續鋪設通往月球的道路。當我熱情地跟蹤雙子座飛行時，我對計劃中的阿波羅任務更感興趣。 1964年，我獲得了一套21“Viewmaster” 圖片描繪了美國宇航局的阿波羅計劃。 立體照片描繪了一次驚人的登月之旅，從多級土星火箭的發射開始，最終以“道格”和“埃里克”的方式在月球表面下降，描述為“蟲子”。 在視覺故事中，除了“熒光”月亮巖石之外，兩名宇航員很快就在月球上發現了水！ 在最后的場景中，宇航員被描繪為向總統提供月球樣本。 此外，我在1965年從一年一度的Scholastic Book Services選擇中訂購的書籍之一是“Apollo項目”，這是一本薄薄的兒童平裝書，描述和說明了計劃中的月球任務，包括巨大的土星火箭和細長而好奇的“月球游覽模塊” “。
The Apollo project was dealt a major setback in early 1967 with the tragic Apollo 1 fire and death of its crewmen during training, and it wasn't until October of 1968 (23 months after the final Gemini flight) that manned missions resumed with the launch of earth orbital mission Apollo 7. In the meantime, I and several other friends had developed a strong Apollo 4 launch as seen in Star Trek's 'Assignment: Earth' interest in a new NBC television program: Star Trek. This mix of interests in NASA and Star Trek was natural for me, and the two converged when, at the end of the Star Trek's second season, a time-travel episode was centered on Cape Kennedy and a Saturn V launch (and included footage of the launch of the first Saturn V in the unmanned Apollo 4 mission)
阿波羅計劃在1967年初受到重大挫折，其中阿波羅1號在訓練期間發生了火災和船員死亡事件，并且直到1968年10月（雙子座最后一次飛行后23個月），載人飛行任務才恢復地球軌道任務Apollo 7.與此同時，我和其他幾個朋友已經發展壯大 “星際迷航”的“作業：地球”中的阿波羅4號發布 對新的NBC電視節目感興趣：星際迷航。 美國航空航天局和星際迷航中的這種利益混合對我來說很自然，當星際迷航的第二季結束時，時間旅行的一集以肯尼迪角和土星五號的發射為中心（并包括在無人駕駛的阿波羅4號任務中發射第一個土星五號）
To The Moon
Apollo 8 Newsweek Cover - January 6, 1969 issue In December of 1968, Apollo 8 circumnavigated the Moon, bringing the Moon's far side into direct human view for the first time. This voyage also marked the farthest distance ever travelled from the Earth as well as the first occasion on which humans had entered the gravitational sphere of another planetary body. A few months later, Apollo 9 tested the Lunar Module in Earth orbit, and in May of 1969, Apollo 10 conducted a dress rehearsal for a lunar landing, descending in a Lunar Module to within ten miles of the Moon's surface.
到月球
阿波羅8號新聞周刊封面 - 1969年1月6日刊 1968年12月，阿波羅8號航行環繞月球，首次將月球的遠側視為直接的人類視野。 這次航行還標志著有史以來最遠的地球距離以及人類進入另一個行星體引力球的第一次。 幾個月后，阿波羅9號測試了地球軌道上的月球模塊，并于1969年5月，阿波羅10號進行了月球著陸的彩排，在月球模塊下降到月球表面十英里以內。
The Day They Landed
Liftoff of Apollo 11, July 16, 1969 On the morning of July 16, 1969, I overslept, missing the beginning of the most significant space mission ever undertaken. At 9:32 a.m. that morning, Apollo 11 lifted off for the Moon. Four days later, I found myself with my mother and father vacationing in Virginia Beach, Virginia, dining at the Black Angus Steak House and suffering the embarrassment of waitresses singing me Happy Birthday and delivering to me a cupcake with a sparkler aflame (I had to pick the cinders out of the icing). Just an hour or so prior, we had witnessed Walter Cronkite rendered speechless following the descent and touchdown of Apollo 11's "Eagle" on the moon, an event that was absolutely the most thrilling thing I had ever seen (well, heard) on television. In just a few hours, however, that thrill was to be Neil Armstrong on the Moon - July 20, 1969 topped. At 10:56 PM, as we watched from our hotel room on the Atlantic Ocean, Neil Armstrong descended the ladder on the front landing leg of the lunar module and stepped off of the leg's landing pad onto the Sea of Tranquility. Over the next two hours, we watched the ghostly black & white images as Armstrong and Aldrin 16mm film frame of Armstrong and Aldrin erecting flag hopped about on the moon, unveiled and read the commemorative plaque on the LM's front landing leg, collected rock and soil samples, planted and saluted the flag, spoke with President Nixon and finally ascended the ladder. My dad had fallen asleep before the moonwalk ended, but I had remained transfixed. At about 1 a.m., I switched off the TV. July 20, 1969 had come to an end, and along with it had also ended my first day as a teenager.
他們降落的那一天
阿波羅11號升空，1969年7月16日 1969年7月16日早晨，我睡過頭，錯過了有史以來最重要的太空任務的開始。 那天早上9點32分，阿波羅11號升空了月球。 四天后，我發現自己和我的母親和父親一起在弗吉尼亞州的弗吉尼亞海灘度假，在黑安格斯牛排館用餐，并且讓女服務員唱著我生日快樂的尷尬，給我送來一杯閃閃發光的火焰蛋糕（我不得不從結冰中挑出煤渣）。 僅僅一個小時左右，我們見證了沃爾特·克朗凱特在月球上阿波羅11號“鷹”的下降和著陸后無言以對，這一事件絕對是我在電視上見過的最好的事情（聽得見）。 然而，在短短幾個小時內，就會有這種刺激 尼爾阿姆斯特朗在月球上 - 1969年7月20日 高居榜首。 下午10:56，當我們從大西洋上的酒店房間觀看時， 尼爾·阿姆斯特朗從梯子上下降到月球模塊的前降落腿上，從腿的著陸墊上走到寧靜之海。 在接下來的兩個小時里，我們看到了像阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林那樣幽靈般的黑白圖像 阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林架設旗幟的16毫米膠卷畫面 在月球上跳來跳去，揭開并閱讀LM前登陸腿上的紀念牌匾 ，收集巖石和土壤樣本，種下并向國旗致敬，與尼克松總統交談，最后登上了階梯。 我的爸爸在月球漫步結束之前已經睡著了，但我仍然呆若木雞。 凌晨1點左右，我關掉了電視。 1969年7月20日已經結束，與此同時也結束了我十幾歲的第一天。
A few weeks after Apollo 11 returned to Earth, readers of Life magazine were stunned by the clarity of the first published photographs from the Moon. In stark constrast to the fuzzy black & white video broadcast during the moonwalk, the astronauts' photographs revealed the "magnificent desolation" that astronaut Buzz Aldrin had described when he stepped onto the surface.
阿波羅11號返回地球幾周后，“生活”雜志的讀者對月亮首次出版的照片的清晰度感到震驚。 與月球漫步期間模糊的黑白視頻廣播形成鮮明對比的是，宇航員的照片顯示了宇航員巴茲奧爾德林走上水面時所描述的“壯麗的荒涼”。
Modeling Apollo
For those interested in modeling the various Apollo spacecraft, there were plenty of options. Revell manufactured a 1/96th-scale model of the entire Apollo/Saturn V spacecraft, complete with a lunar module tucked away in the adapter stage. Revell also manufactured a larger (1/48th) scale model of adapter stage (including a lunar module), the command and service modules and the escape tower. For those who fancied real, working model rockets, the Centuri company manufactured a 1/100th-scale Saturn V rocket.
阿波羅模型
對于那些對各種阿波羅號太空船建模感興趣的人來說，有很多選擇。 Revell制造了整個阿波羅/土星五號航天器的1/96比例模型，并在適配器階段隱藏了一個月球模塊。 Revell還制造了更大的（1/48）比例級適配器級（包括月球模塊），命令和服務模塊以及逃生塔。 對于那些喜歡真實的工作模型火箭的人來說，Centuri公司生產了1/100比例的土星V火箭。
Repeat Performance
In November of 1969, Apollo 12 returned America to the moon, despite an inauspicious liftoff during which the spacecraft was twice struck by lightning. Soon, however, the world was watching with excitement once again as live TV transmissions commenced from the moon, this time in color! That excitement quickly turned to disappointment, however, as while moving the camera, one of Apollo 12's astronauts accidentally pointed the TV camera into the sun, burning out the pickup tube. Viewers could only listen in as astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean collected samples, conducted experiments and visited the nearby Surveyor 3 spacecraft which had landed several years earlier. Surveyor's camera was returned to Earth by the crew, and is now on display in the National Air & Space Museum. In future years, Alan Bean would more than compensate for his earlier mistake in ruining the Apollo 12's TV camera, with his remarkable paintings of Apollo astronauts exploring and working on the moon. In November of 1998, a hardbound collection of Bean's Apollo artwork was published in the book "Apollo: An Eyewitness Account..." (click HERE to visit the Amazon.com "at a glance" page for this title)
重復表演
1969年11月，阿波羅12號將美國送回月球，盡管有一次不祥的升空，在此期間，宇宙飛船兩次遭雷擊。 然而，不久，世界興奮地觀看了一次 再次，因為直播電視從月球開始，這次是彩色的！ 然而，這種興奮很快就變成了失望，因為在移動相機時，阿波羅12號宇航員中的一個不小心將電視攝像機指向太陽，燒壞了拾音管。 觀眾只能在宇航員Pete Conrad和Alan Bean收集樣本，進行實驗并參觀附近幾年前降落的Surveyor 3太空船時收聽。 驗船師的相機由機組人員返回地球，現在在國家航空航天博物館展出。 在未來的幾年里， 艾倫·比恩不僅可以彌補他之前破壞阿波羅12號電視攝像機的錯誤，還有他出色的阿波羅宇航員在月球上探索和工作的畫作。 1998年11月，Bean的阿波羅藝術作品的精彩集合發表在“阿波羅：一個目擊者帳戶......”一書中（點擊這里訪問亞馬遜網站“一目了然”這個標題的頁面）
A Close Call
In the Spring of 1970, just when it appeared that NASA had things down pat, disaster struck when one of Apollo 13's oxygen tanks exploded en route to the moon, crippling the primary spacecraft and forcing all three astronauts to seek refuge in the lunar module, which served as a lifeboat for the remainder of the mission. As chronicled in Ron Howard's superb film "Apollo 13," a nation was held in suspense for several days as mission controllers and the imperiled astronauts sought to conserve the remaining oxygen and return safely to Earth. I recall our Junior High English class hurrying across the hall on that April day to a science classroom to watch the televised reentry, and I will never forget the cheer that went up in that classroom when the command module's parachutes were first spotted.
近距離通話
在1970年春天，當美國國家航空航天局（NASA）出現故障時，當阿波羅13號氧氣罐中的一個氧氣罐在飛向月球時爆炸，造成主要航天器癱瘓并迫使所有三名宇航員在月球模塊中尋求避難時，災難來襲，作為任務剩余部分的救生艇。 正如羅恩·霍華德（Ron Howard）精湛的電影“阿波羅13號”（Apollo 13）所記載的那樣，一個國家陷入了懸念 Apollo 13命令模塊的電視視圖在主電源上下降 幾天任務控制員和危險的宇航員試圖保存剩余的氧氣并安全返回地球。 我記得4月那天我們的高中英語課匆匆穿過大廳去科學教室觀看電視轉播，我永遠不會忘記在第一次發現命令模塊的降落傘時教室里的歡呼聲。
The Cape
In June of 1970, during the lull that followed the near-catastrophe of Apollo 13, my family vacationed in Florida on a trip that included a stop at Kennedy Space Center. The standard tour took us to the former Mercury and Gemini Launch facilities on Cape Canaveral (at the time renamed Cape Kennedy) as well as to the site of the tragic Apollo 1 fire just three years prior. The highlight of the tour was a visit to Apollo/Saturn Launch Complex 39A and 39B and to the massive Vehicle Assembly Building, a building so large that clouds occasionally formed inside and drenched workers with brief downpours. Just outside the VAB were parked two of the massive crawler vehicles used to transport assembled Apollo/Saturn vehicles down the three mile crawlerway to one of the two launchpads (Apollo 10 was the only mission to utilize pad 39-B). The KSC gift shop was stocked with standard tourist trinkets of course, but amidst the post cards, models, bumper stickers and key chains was a book that became for me an invaluable reference source on NASA's launch facilities and early Apollo/Saturn missions... Moonport U.S.A. (not to be confused with the later "Moonport" title in the NASA History Series).
開普敦
1970年6月，在阿波羅13號的近乎災難之后的平靜期間，我的家人在佛羅里達度假，包括在肯尼迪航天中心停留。 標準之旅將我們帶到了前Mercury和Gemini發射設施 1970年6月在開普敦的基普 卡納維拉爾角（當時更名為肯尼迪角）以及僅僅三年之前的悲慘的阿波羅1號火災現場。 參觀的重點是參觀阿波羅/土星發射中心39A和39B以及大型車輛裝配大樓， 大量的云層偶爾形成于內部，濕透的工人則會有短暫的傾盆大雨。 在VAB外面停放了兩輛巨大的履帶式車輛，用于將裝配好的阿波羅/土星車輛沿著三英里的履帶板運送到兩個發射臺中的一個（Apollo 10是唯一使用墊39-B的任務）。 當然，KSC禮品店里擺放著標準的旅游小飾品，但在明信片，模型，保險杠貼紙和鑰匙鏈中，這本書對我來說是NASA發射設施和早期阿波羅/土星任務的寶貴參考資料...... Moonport USA （不要與NASA歷史系列中后來的“Moonport”頭銜相混淆）。
"It's Been A Long Way..."
In January of 1971, the Apollo program got back on its feet with the successful moon landing of Apollo 14, commanded by Alan Shepard, America's first man in space (Mercury Redstone 3). One of the most memorable moments during the Apollo 14 moonwalk was a lighthearted one in which Shepard whacked a golf ball for "miles and miles" on the moon's surface.
“這是漫長的道路......”
阿波羅14號 - 艾倫·謝潑德在月球上 1971年7月國家地理 - 阿波羅14號封面 1971年1月，阿波羅計劃重新站穩腳跟，阿波羅14號登月成功，由美國第一個太空人員艾爾·謝潑德（Mercury Redstone 3）指揮。 在阿波羅14號月球漫步中最令人難忘的時刻之一就是一個輕松愉快的時刻，Shepard在月球表面撞上了一英里數英里的高爾夫球。
"Man Must Explore"
The summer of 1971 found my family back at Cape Kennedy, but this time our vacation was timed to coincide with a moon launch. On the morning of July 26, 1971, we stood along a crowded causeway several miles from Pad 39A awaiting the liftoff. A cousin operated our Super 8 movie camera while I watched through binoculars. When the Saturn V's engines ignited, a cloud of smoke billowed outward immediately and obscured our view, but in a few seconds, the rocket emerged from the exhaust cloud atop a brilliant flame. It was just about then that the initial shockwave from the thundering F-1 engines reached us...an incredible rumble that lasted for several minutes as the rocket slowly rose and arced in a southeasterly direction out over the Atlantic Ocean. Visibility was excellent that day, and we were able to follow the rocket for several minutes, even up to the point of booster stage separation (which was accompanied by a sudden flaring of exhaust around the vehicle). Apollo 15 was on its way to the moon, carrying with it a new vehicle...the Lunar Rover.
The day prior to the launch of Apollo 15, we had toured the Kennedy Space Center once again, and had viewed the launch vehicle from close proximity (as close as visitors were allowed, that is...see the movie clip below). At one point during the tourbus ride, we had caught sight of a trio of Corvettes, one red, one blue and one yellow, parked outside the small beachhouse retreat for the crewmen.
In a few days, our vacation took us to Florida's west coast and Sanibel Island, and I found myself facing a serious dilemna. There was sunshine, sand and the ocean just outside our beachfront cottage, but at the same time, two of Apollo 15's astronauts were not just walking, but also driving around on the moon! Actually for me, the choice was quite simple, and despite my father's displeasure, I watched every minute of TV coverage of the moonwalk. I didn't mind. After all, there was no such thing as a home VCR back then, and I wasn't about to miss history in the making.
“人類必須探索”
1971年7月26日阿波羅15號發射升空 1971年夏天，我的家人回到肯尼迪角，但這次我們的假期恰好與月球發射時間相吻合。 1971年7月26日早晨，我們站在距離39A號幾英里的擁擠堤道上，等待升空。 當我通過雙筒望遠鏡觀看時，表弟操作了我們的Super 8電影攝影機。 當土星V的發動機點燃時，一團煙霧立即向外噴出，遮擋了我們的視線，但在幾秒鐘內，火箭從輝煌的火焰頂上的排氣云中出現。 就在那時，來自雷鳴般的F-1發動機的最初沖擊波到達了我們......一個令人難以置信的隆隆聲持續了幾分鐘，因為火箭緩緩上升并沿著東南方向飛越大西洋。 那天的能見度非常好，我們能夠跟隨火箭幾分鐘，甚至達到助推器階段分離的程度（伴隨著車輛周圍的廢氣突然燃燒）。 阿波羅15號正在駛向月球，載著一輛新車...... 月球車 。
在阿波羅15號發射前一天，我們再次參觀了肯尼迪航天中心，并且近距離觀察了運載火箭（盡可能接近游客，這就是......見下面的電影剪輯）。 在乘坐旅游巴士的過程中，我們看到了三個Corvettes，一個紅色，一個藍色和一個黃色，停在小型海濱別墅后面，供船員使用。
阿波羅15直播電視幀幾天后，我們的假期帶我們去了佛羅里達州的西海岸和薩尼貝爾島，我發現自己面臨著嚴重的困境。 我們的海濱小屋外面有陽光，沙灘和海洋，但與此同時，阿波羅15號的兩名宇航員是 阿波羅15直播電視幀 不只是走路，還要在月球上開車！ 實際上對我來說，選擇很簡單，盡管我父親不滿，我還是觀看了月球漫步電視報道的每一分鐘。 我不介意。 畢竟，當時沒有像家用錄像機這樣的東西，我不會錯過正在制作的歷史。
Prime-Time Apollo
The quality of color television images from the Moon had improved dramatically with Apollo 15, and would continue to improve with each remaining mission. Despite this, and despite extended prime-time coverage given to the Apollo 16 mission, the general television audience had become bored with the moonwalks, and many began to consider them routine and tedious. This turn of events was predictable, yet sadly ironic, in that it was with Apollo 15 that exploration of the Moon had truly begun, with challenging and geologically significant landing sites, and multiple and extended EVAs utilizing the Lunar Roving Vehicle to traverse far greater distances than with previous missions (the total traversal for the first three lunar landings was a meager 5.5 kilometers - Apollo 15's alone was 28 km., and missions 15, 16 and 17 racked up a whopping 90 km. of total lunar traversal!).
Apollo 16 continued the lunar "J" mission series in April of 1972, landing in the Moon's Descartes region. The J-Missions (Apollo 15, 16 and 17) differed from the previous Apollo flights in that, in addition to carrying a LRV, they each used more advanced versions of the Apollo Lunar Module and Command and Service Modules. Also, on each of these missions, while the Commander and Lunar Module Pilot explored the moon's surface, the Command Module Pilot was busy in orbit using the spacecraft's SIM (Scientific Instrument Module) to photographically map the Moon and to perform a variety of sensing experiments.
黃金時段阿波羅
1972年4月15日至21日電視指南以阿波羅16號船員為特色 隨著阿波羅15號，來自月球的彩色電視圖像的質量得到了顯著提升，并且隨著每項剩余的任務將繼續改善。 盡管如此，盡管延長了對阿波羅16號任務的黃金時段的覆蓋率，但普通電視觀眾對月球漫步感到厭倦，許多人開始認為它們是常規和乏味的。 這一轉變是可以預測的， 阿波羅15號宇航員詹姆斯·歐文和月球車 但具有諷刺意味的是，正是在阿波羅15號中，對月球的探索才真正開始，具有挑戰性和地質意義重要的著陸點，以及利用月球車的多個和擴展的EVA穿越距離比以前的任務更遠的距離（ 總數）前三次登月的行程僅為5.5公里 - 僅阿波羅15號就行駛了28公里，而15,16和17號任務的飛行總長度超過了90公里！）。
阿波羅16號宇航員查爾斯·男·杜克在梅花火山口 阿波羅16號在1972年4月延續了月球“J”任務系列，登陸月球笛卡爾地區。 J-Mission（阿波羅15,16和17）不同 LM上升階段點火電視框架 從之前的阿波羅航班中，除了攜帶LRV外，他們還使用了更多高級版本的Apollo Lunar模塊和命令與服務模塊。 此外，在這些任務中，當指揮官和月球模塊飛行員探測月球表面時，指揮艙飛行員正在使用航天器的SIM（科學儀器模塊）在軌道上忙著拍攝月球并執行各種傳感實驗。
Contact Light
In the Fall of 1972, with the final Apollo mission only a couple of months away, I had suddenly found a new obsession, and one that would eventually determine my choice of a career. It began as a Junior in high school when a fellow classmate showed me a roll of paper containing a series of somewhat-perplexing typewritten sentences, words and symbols. I quickly learned that this was the log of an interactive session between a teletype machine in the school's Physics office and a remote computer elsewhere in town.
It was Apollo itself that had introduced me to the concept of computer programming, specifically by way of the detailed descriptions of the onboard computer systems provided by John Noble Wilford in his book "We Reach The Moon." I found Apollo's "DSKY" (Display Keyboard) interface, and its simple but powerful NOUN/VERB, data/action command and programming system detailed in the book particularly fascinating. So, it was only natural that I took quickly to the Honeywell "time-sharing" system to which I discovered I had access through my high school's klunky and noisy teletype. Not only was I able to play and work with an honest-to-God computer, but among its many programs was a text-based lunar landing simulator!
[圖片上傳中...(image.png-6db4ec-1550221192871-0)]
聯系Light
在1972年秋天，最后的阿波羅任務只有幾個月之后，我突然發現了一種新的迷戀，最終決定了我對事業的選擇。 當一位同學向我展示一卷包含一系列有些令人困惑的打字句子，文字和符號的紙張時，它起初是一名初中生。 我很快就知道這是學校物理辦公室的電傳打字機和鎮上其他地方的遠程計算機之間的交互式會話記錄。
正是Apollo本身向我介紹了計算機編程的概念，特別是通過John Noble Wilford在其著作“We Reach The Moon”中提供的板載計算機系統的詳細描述。 我找到了Apollo的“DSKY” （顯示鍵盤）界面，以及它 簡單但功能強大的NOUN / VERB，書中詳述的數據/動作命令和編程系統特別引人入勝。 因此，我很快就采用霍尼韋爾的“分時”系統，我發現通過我的高中笨拙和嘈雜的電傳打字機可以訪問該系統。 我不僅可以玩一臺誠實的上帝計算機，而且它的眾多程序中還有一個基于文本的月球著陸模擬器！
The Grand Finale
With December of 1972 arrived the end of the manned lunar expeditions as Apollo 17 journeyed to the Moon's Taurus-Littrow region. The final mission, which commenced with the first night launch of a Saturn V, was the only Apollo mission to include an astronaut-scientist, Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, who held a Ph.D. in geology. Apollo 17 set records for total duration of lunar EVA's (22 hours), distance driven with the LRV (36 km.) and lunar samples collected (254 lbs.), and brought the manned lunar landing missions to conclusion in grand fashion with a spectacular televised lunar liftoff.
大結局
Apollo 17 Station 5 pan的一部分 - 由大衛哈蘭提供
阿波羅17號宇航員哈里森施密特 阿波羅17號直播電視畫面 - 施密特準備拍攝塞爾南和國旗 隨著阿波羅17號飛往月球的金牛座 - 利特羅地區，1972年12月抵達載人登月探險隊。 最后一次任務是從土星五號的第一個夜間發射開始，是唯一一個包括宇航員科學家哈里森H.“杰克”施密特的阿波羅任務，他擁有博士學位。 在地質學。 阿波羅17號記錄了月球EVA的總持續時間（22小時），用LRV（36公里）驅動的距離和收集的月球樣本（254磅），并帶來了壯觀的載人登月任務。電視月球升空。
Post-Apollo
Although the excitement of the lunar landing missions was gone, remnants of the Apollo program continued into the mid-seventies with the Skylab missions (using a Saturn SIV-B stage converted into an orbiting laboratory) and ended in 1975 with the Apollo-Soyuz "Test Project" in which astronauts (including Deke Slayton from the "original seven") in an Apollo spacecraft rendezvoused and docked with a Soviet crew in a Soyuz spacecraft.
On July 20, 1984, Apollo came full circle for me when I attended an anniversary event at the National Air and Space Museum in DC. On hand for the panel discussion and Lunar Landing Party that evening were three moonwalkers, Alan Bean (Apollo 12), Jack Schmitt (Apollo 17) and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11). It was a memorable birthday for me as we watched a replay of the Apollo 11 ladder descent and first steps, timed to the minute with the actual event that same day in 1969. I am not an autograph collector, but on that day, I not only got an autograph, but also a handshake, from a man who precisely fifteen years prior to that moment had been standing on the surface of the Moon. (Note: My Apollo anniversary experiences would not end here. See below the Apollo 11 30th Anniversary addendum to this retrospective)
后阿波羅
盡管月球登陸任務的興奮已經消失，但阿波羅計劃的殘余持續到七十年代中期，隨著天空實驗室任務（使用土星SIV-B階段轉換為軌道實驗室）并于1975年以Apollo-Soyuz結束。測試項目“阿波羅宇宙飛船中的宇航員（包括來自”原七“的Deke Slayton）在聯盟號宇宙飛船中與一名蘇聯船員進行了對接。
1984年7月20日，當我參加在哥倫比亞特區國家航空航天博物館舉辦的周年紀念活動時，阿波羅為我帶來了一個完整的圈子。 當晚的小組討論和月球登陸派對是三名月球行者，艾倫比恩（阿波羅12號），杰克施密特（阿波羅17號）和巴茲奧爾德林（阿波羅11號）。 這對我來說是一個值得紀念的生日，因為我們觀看了阿波羅11號梯級下降和第一步的重播，并在1969年的當天發生了實際事件。我不是簽名收藏家，但那天，我不是只有一個男人在那個時刻之前十五年才站在月球表面上，只得到了一張簽名 ，還有一次握手。 （注：我的阿波羅周年紀念經歷不會在這里結束。見下面的阿波羅11號30周年紀念這個回顧展的附錄）
The Apollo Legacy
On December 13, 1972, Apollo 17 Commander Eugene Cernan left the last human footprint on the lunar surface as man's exploration of the moon came to an end, an event at that time considered insignificant by most Americans, for whom the climactic excitement of Neil Armstrong's first step three years earlier had long faded. "Been there, done that" would sum up the general attitude in today's lingo, and in fact, as awe-inspiring and exciting as the lunar landing missions were to many like myself, the harsh reality was that the Apollo program was very expensive, and the scientific payoff was too narrow in scope to continue the lunar landings at such costs.
But, it had been worth every penny.
More than simply a means of unravelling the mysteries of the Moon, and despite its roots in cold war oneupmanship, the Apollo program provided a generation with a technical challenge and unifying source of inspiration unlike anything in recent human history, and will most likely remain unmatched in this regard for the foreseeable future. Many like myself owe their choice of technical, scientific and engineering careers at least partly to the inspiration of Apollo. More importantly, with Apollo, our 300,000-year-old species at long last broke the bonds of the Earth and took its first "giant leap" into the Universe.
For those of you who were there in 1969, I hope you enjoyed this nostalgic look back at Project Apollo. For those not around or too young to recall, I hope "Contact Light" has given you some sense of what you missed, and here is hoping that we will all again be witness in our lifetimes to an achievement as grand, as glorious and as significant.
Kipp Teague
September, 1998
阿波羅遺產
1972年12月13日，阿波羅17號指揮官尤金·塞爾南在月球表面上留下了最后一個人類足跡，因為人類對月球的探索即將結束，當時的事件被大多數美國人認為是微不足道的，尼爾阿姆斯特朗的高潮激動。三年前的第一步早已褪色。 “去過那里，做到了”將總結今天語言中的一般態度，事實上，像許多像我一樣的月球著陸任務令人敬畏和令人興奮，嚴酷的現實是阿波羅計劃非常昂貴，科學的回報太窄，不能以這樣的代價繼續登月。
但是，每一分錢都值得。
阿波羅計劃不僅僅是揭開月球神秘面紗的一種手段，盡管它源于冷戰時期，但它提供了一代技術挑戰和靈感來源，與最近的人類歷史不同，并且很可能仍然無法比擬在可預見的未來這方面。 像我這樣的許多人都應該選擇技術，科學和工程職業，至少部分歸功于阿波羅的靈感。 更重要的是，通過阿波羅，我們30萬年前的物種終于打破了地球的束縛，并將其第一次“巨大的飛躍”帶入了宇宙。
對于那些在1969年在那里的人，我希望你喜歡這個懷舊的回顧Project Apollo。 對于那些不在身邊或者太年輕的人來說，我希望“聯絡之光”能讓你對自己錯過的東西有所了解，并且希望我們在生命中再次見證一個偉大，光榮和重大。
Kipp Teague
1998年9月
Apollo 11 30th Anniversary Addendum
July 24, 1999
When I began work on "Contact Light" a year ago, I never envisioned that on July 16, 1999, I would be standing in a re-created Apollo firing room at Kennedy Space Center, face to face with four Apollo astronauts, thirty years from the day on which two of those same astronauts lifted off for the Moon from a launch pad just three miles away. But there I was, and there they were: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Gene Cernan and Walter Cunningham, seated in front of the firing room consoles at the Saturn V Center, fielding questions from the press. I was even bold enough to pose a question to Neil Armstrong about whether he was planning to write a memoir, to which he simply smiled and replied "No, not at this time."
Not far away, at the Launch Complex 39 press site, the U.S. flag flew at half-mast for the astronauts' fallen comrade, Pete Conrad, who had died earlier in the month from injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident (and whose death reminds us that the number of human beings who have visited the Moon will for the foreseeable future continue to dwindle rather than increase).
Thirty years after Apollo 11, the legacy of Apollo remains pervasive at Kennedy Space Center: the Saturn V vehicle on display, the massive Vehicle Assembly Building and crawler, and the historic Launch Complex 39 pad A. On pad B (from which Apollo 10 lifted off), Space Shuttle Columbia stood waiting to continue the human adventure in space and to extend our view into the universe by delivering into orbit the Chandra X-Ray telescope.
Although the shuttle Columbia did not launch on July 20 as was planned, the atmosphere was electric that evening as crowds flocked to the causeways and beaches to view the launch and as reporters and photographers awaited liftoff at the press site. The excitement reminded me that, while we may never again experience anything akin to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, the dream is indeed still alive and the frontier of space still beckons. I must confess, however, as I stood in front of the Vehicle Assembly Building, I longed to see just one more Saturn V roll through its doors and out to the launch pad.
阿波羅11號30周年紀念附錄
1999年7月24日
當我一年前開始研究“接觸燈”時，我從未想象過，1999年7月16日，我將站在肯尼迪航天中心重建的阿波羅射擊室，與四名阿波羅宇航員面對面，三十年從那兩個同樣的宇航員從三英里以外的發射臺升起月球的那一天開始。 但我就在那里，他們是：Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，Gene Cernan和Walter Cunningham， 坐在 土星五號中心的射擊室控制臺前，向媒體提出問題。 我甚至大膽地向尼爾·阿姆斯特朗提出一個問題，即他是否打算寫一本回憶錄，他只是微笑著回答說“不，不是在這個時候。”
不遠處，在發射中心39號新聞網站上， 美國國旗半空飛向宇航員墮落的同志皮特·康拉德，他本月早些時候因摩托車事故受傷而死亡（他的死亡提醒我們）在可預見的未來，訪問月球的人數將繼續減少而不是增加。
在阿波羅11號飛行三十年后，阿波羅的遺產在肯尼迪航天中心仍然普遍存在： 展出的土星五號車輛 ，巨大的車輛裝配大樓和履帶式車輛 ，以及歷史悠久的發射復合體39 座墊A. 在墊子B （阿波羅10號從其上升起）上， 哥倫比亞號航天飛機站在等待繼續人類在太空的冒險，并通過將錢德拉X射線望遠鏡送入軌道將我們的視野擴展到宇宙中。
雖然哥倫比亞號航天飛機沒有像計劃的那樣在7月20日發射，但是當晚的人們聚集到堤道和海灘觀看發射，并且正在記者和攝影師等待新聞發布會的升空時，氣氛仍然是電動的。 令人興奮的是，雖然我們可能永遠不會再經歷類似于阿波羅11號登月的事情，但夢想確實仍然存在，而太空的邊界仍在召喚。 但是，我必須承認，當我站在車輛裝配大樓前時 ，我渴望看到只有一個土星V滾過它的門然后到達發射臺。
上一篇：
the Apollo Project Album 2
http://www.lxweimin.com/p/56c77bfc071b
后續文章：
the Apollo Project Album 3
http://www.lxweimin.com/p/ce9c58b30cf4
the Apollo Project Album 4
http://www.lxweimin.com/p/4b8611895f18
