中考英語語法之句子的種類及經典例題分析
2016-11-17 中考英語朱老師
英語中句子種類雖然看似簡單,但非常重要。現整理給大家,有需要的同學可以收藏,也歡迎大家轉發給更多需要的朋友!
(一)句子種類概述
句子按用途可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
(二)基礎知識梳理
1.陳述句
陳述句用來說明事實或表示說話人的看法。
1)陳述句的肯定形式。如:
We are students.
We must obey the traffic rules.
We clean the room every day.
2)陳述句的否定形式
把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況:
(1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情態動詞)后直接加not。如:
We aren't students.
You needn't hand in your homework today.
(2)在助動詞do,does,或did后加not,再把它們放在行為動詞前面,而行為動詞用原形。如:
We don't clean the room every day.
(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如:
There are no books on the desk.
I can hardly answer your question.
Neither of the twins is a doctor.
2.疑問句
疑問句就是提出問題,讓對方作出回答。英語中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。
1)一般疑問句
用于詢問一個事實是否屬實,其回答通常是Yes或No。其結構為:
be,will,have,助動詞+主語+(主動詞)/賓語
如:Is she a university teacher?
Will it be windy tomorrow?
Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?
2)特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句對句中某一特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據實際情況,不必用Yes或No回答。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可數名詞復數,how much+不可數名詞,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其結構為:
疑問句+一般疑問句語句
如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?
What are you doing now?
How long have you lived here?
3)選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況,詢問對方選擇哪一種。回答時選擇一種,不必用Yes或No。
一般疑問句+A or B
如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?
Do you often play basketball or play the piano?
特殊疑問句,A or B? 或A,B or C?
如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?
Which do you like better, the record or the ball?
4)反意疑問句
由兩部分組成,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個附著在前半句上的簡短問句,回答時用Yes或No。它的構成和回答主要如下:
(1)肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問部分?
如:They are interested in collecting stamps, aren't they?
一Yes,they are. 是的,他們對集郵感興趣的。
一No,they aren't. 不,他們對集郵不感興趣的。
(2)否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問部分?
如:Tom didn't pass the exam, did he?
一Yes,he did. 不,他通過考試。
一No,he didn't. 9是,他沒通過。
3.祈使句
祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。
1)祈使句的肯定結構
如:Come in,please.
Let me have a try.
Let's go to the cinema together.
2)祈使句的否定結構是在動詞前面加上don't,
如: Don't be late for school.
Don't walk on the grass.
4.感嘆句
1) 感嘆句表達說話人說話時的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開頭或引導。
感嘆詞What+強調部分(名詞)+主語+動詞謂語
如:What a mess picture it is!
What an exciting film we saw yesterday!
2) 感嘆詞How+強調部分(形容詞或副詞)+主語+動詞謂語
如:How wonderful the film is!
(三)經典例題解析
1. My mother has sports on Friday afternoon.改成否定句
2. There are some books and computers on the desks.改成否定句
3.He's seldom late for school__________?
A. hasn't he B.isn't he C.has he D.is he
4. Let's take a walk outside,_______?
A. don't we B.will you C.shall we D.have we
5.I don't think he has to go,_________?
A. do I B.has he C.hasn't he D.does he
6. ____________do you prefer, rice or noodles?
A. What B.Which C.How D.When
7. Mrs Black came to China in 1980.
Mrs Black has been in China since 1980.
8._________important news is to everybody in a modem city!
A. What B.How C.What an D.How an
9. A:____is it from our school to the museum?
B:About 20 minutes' walk.
A. How long B.How fast C.How far D.How soon
10. A:____does Peter weigh now?
B:44 kilos.
A. How heavy B,How C.How much D.What
參考答案
1.My other doesn't have sports on Friday afternoon.
【解析】 這類句子中的has并不是表示“有”的意思,而是“have sports”這個詞組中的行為動詞,表示“進行體育活動”的意思。所以在改成否定句時,應加助動詞does來進行否定。需要注意的是,在用了助動詞之后,行為動詞就必須用原形。
2.There aren't any books or computers on the desks.
或:There are no books or computers on the desks.
There are no books and no computers on the desks.
【解析】 在把上述這類肯定句改成否定句時,同學們能夠把some改成any,但往往會忘記把and改成or。
3. 【解析】 此句答案為D。在反意疑問句中要注意前半句用肯定,反意疑問句則用否定形式,前半句為否定,反意疑問句要用肯定形式。此句中seldom表示否定"很少”,這樣看來 A、B答案不正確。而由于be late for是習慣用語,所以選D。另外,表示否定的此類副詞還有little,few,never,hardly等。
4. 【解析】答案選C。祈使句的反意疑問句,一般都用will you,只有Let's開頭的句子才用shall we。如:
Open the door please, will you?
Don't open the door, will you?
Let us discuss it,will you?
Let's discuss it,shall we?
5.【解析】 答案選D。在主句I think( believe)...+賓語從句的反意疑問句時,后半句疑問部分中的動詞和主語應該和賓語從句中的動詞和主語保持一致,如果主句肯定,反意部分用否定。如果主句否定,反意部分則用肯定。而此句的從句為has to結構,它的否定是助動詞does結構,所以選D。
6.【解析】答案選B。從本句的意思來看,它表達的是你喜歡什么或哪一個,C或D顯然不成立,而問句中有兩項選擇范圍,因此應該選B。
7.【解析】 這兩句句子放在一起作為劃線提問有一定的針對性。第一句表達過去某時間布萊克先生來中國,因此提問詞應用When。而第二句表達自1980年到現在為止,布萊克先生一直呆在中國,其側重點在于很長時間了,因此提問詞應用How long。
8.【解析】答案選B。在做感嘆句練習時,一定要注意找準感嘆部分的中心詞。這個中心詞常常是在句子主語之前。此句的謂語是is,而主語是news,那么important就是強調的中心詞,因此只能用How。其實這個句子真正的表達是:
News is very important to everybody in a modem city.
9.【解析】答案選C。這道題問的是學校到博物館之間的距離有多遠,所以選C。how long表達多長。How fast表達速度多快。How soon表達時間多久,多用于將來時態。
10.【解析】 答案選C。在表達人或物有多重時有如下三種方式:(1) How much does it weigh? (2) How heavy is it? (3) What's the weight of it?因此本題選C。
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