第5章策略模式
5.1 使用策略模式計算獎金
1最初的代碼實現
var calculateBonus = function(performanceLevel,salary){
if(performanceLevel === 's'){
return salary*4;
}
if(performanceLevel === 'A'){
return salary*3;
}
if(performanceLevel === 'B'){
return salary*2;
}
}
calculateBonus('B',20000);//40000
calculateBonus('S',6000);//24000
calculateBonus函數龐大
calculateBonus函數缺乏彈性 違反開放-封閉原則
算法復用性差
2使用組合函數重構代碼
var perfoemanceS = function(salary){
return salary*4;
0};
var perfoemanceA = function(salary){
return salary*3;
0};
var perfoemanceB = function(salary){
return salary*2;
0};
var calculeateBonus = function(performanceLevel,salary){
if (performanceLevel === 'S') {
return perfoemanceS(salary);
}
if (performanceLevel === 'A') {
return perfoemanceA(salary);
}
if (performanceLevel === 'B') {
return perfoemanceB(salary);
}
}
calculeateBonus('A',10000) //30000
3使用策略模式重構代碼
var perfoemanceS = function(){}
perfoemanceS.prototype.calculate = function(salary){
return salary*4;
}
var perfoemanceA = function(){};
perfoemanceA.prototype.calculate = function(salary){
return salary*3;
}
var perfoemanceB = function(){}
perfoemanceB.prototype = function(salary){
return salary*2;
}
var Bonus = function(){
this.salary = null;
this.strategy = null;
}
Bonus.prototype.satSalary = function(salary){
this.salary = salary;
}
Bonus.prototype.satStrategy = function(strategy){
this.strategy = strategy;
}
Bonus.prototype.getBonus = function(){
return this.strategy.calculate(this.salary);
}
var bonus = new Bonus();
bonus.satSalary(10000);
bonus.satStrategy(new perfoemanceS);
console.log(bonus.getBonus()); //40000
bonus.satStrategy(new perfoemanceA())
console.log(bonus.getBonus()); //30000
5.2 Javascript版本的策略模式
var strategies = {
"S":function(salary){
return salary*4;
},
"A":function(salary){
return salary*4;
},
"b":function(salary){
return salary*2;
}
}
var calculateBonus = function(level,salary){
return strategies[level](salary);
}
console.log(calculateBonus('S',20000));
console.log(calculateBonus('A',10000))
5.3 多態在策略模式中的體現
當我們對這些策略對象發出“計算獎金”的請求時,它們會返回各自不同的計算結果,這正是對象多態性的體現。
5.4 使用策略模式實現緩動動畫
5.4.1 實現動畫效果原理
通過連續改變元素的某個CSS屬性,比如left top background-position來實現動畫效果。
5.4.2 思想和一些準備工作
動畫開始,小球所在的原始位置
小球移動的目標位置
動畫開始時的準確時間點
小球運動持續的時間
5.4.3 讓小球運動起來
緩動算法
var tween = {
linear:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*t/d+b;
},
easeIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t+b;
},
strongEaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t+b;
},
strongEaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d - 1)*t*t*t*t+1)+b;
},
sineaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t+b;
},
sineaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t = t/d - 1)*t*t+1)+b
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div" style="position: absolute;background: blue">我是div</div>
</body>
<script>
var tween = {
linear:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*t/d+b;
},
easeIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t+b;
},
strongEaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t+b;
},
strongEaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d - 1)*t*t*t*t+1)+b;
},
sineaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t+b;
},
sineaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t = t/d - 1)*t*t+1)+b
}
}
var Animate = function(dom){
this.dom = dom; //dom節點
this.startTime = 0;//開始時間
this.startPos = 0;//dom節點開始位置
this.endPos = 0;//dom結點結束位置
this.propertyName = null;//dom節點需要被改變的css屬性名
this.easing = null;//緩動算法
this.duration = null;//動畫持續時間
}
Animate.prototype.start = function(propertyName,endPos,duration,easing){
this.startTime = +new Date;
this.startPos = this.dom.getBoundingClientRect()[propertyName];
this.propertyName = propertyName;
this.endPos = endPos;
this.duration = duration;
this.easing = tween[easing];
var self = this;
var timeId = setInterval(function(){
if(self.step()===false){
clearInterval(timeId);
}
},19);
}
Animate.prototype.step = function(){
var t = +new Date;
if(t>=this.startTime+this.duration){
this.update(this.endPos);
return false;
}
var pos = this.easing(t-this.startTime,this.startPos,this.endPos-this.startPos,this.duration);
this.update(pos);
}
Animate.prototype.update = function(pos){
this.dom.style[this.propertyName] = pos + 'px'
}
var div = document.getElementById('div');
var animate = new Animate(div);
animate.start('left',500,1000,'strongEaseOut')
</script>
</html>
使用策略模式把算法傳人動畫類中,來達到各種不同的緩動效果,這些算法都可以輕易地被替換為另一個算法,這是策略模式的經典運用之一。策略模式的實現并不復雜,關鍵是如何從策略模式的實現背后,找到封裝變化,委托和多態性這些思想的價值
5.5 更廣義的“算法”
策略模式指的是定義一系列的算法,并且把它們封裝起來
廣義=>用來封裝一系列的“業務規則”。
5.6 表單校驗
例如
用戶名不能為空
密碼長度不能少于6位
手機號碼必須符合格式
5.6.1 表單校驗第一個版本
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://xxx.com/register" id="registerForm" method="post">
請輸入用戶名:<input type="text" name="userName">
請輸入密碼:<input type="text" name="password">
請輸入手機號碼:<input type="text" name="phoneNumber">
<button>提交</button>
</form>
<script>
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function () {
// body...
if (registerForm.userName.value==='') {
alert('用戶名不能為空');
return false;
}
if (registerForm.password.value.length<6) {
alert('密碼長度不能少于6位')
return false;
}
if(!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(registerForm.phoneNumber.value)){
alert('手機號碼格式不正確')
return false;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
registerForm.onsubmit函數比較龐大
rigisterForm.onsubmit函數缺乏彈性 違反開放-封閉原則
算法的復用性差
5.6.2 用策略模式重構表單重構表單校驗
var strategies = {
isNonEmpty:function(value,errorMsg){
if (value==='') {
return errorMsg;
}
},
minLength:function(value,length,errorMsg){
if (value.length<length) {
return errorMsg;
}
},
isMobile:function(value,errorMsg){
if (!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(value)) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//準備實現Validator類
var validataFunc = function(){
var validator = new Validator();
validator.add(registerForm.userName,'isNonEmpty','用戶不能為空');
validator.add(registerForm.password,'minLength:6','最小長度為6位');
validator.add(registerForm.phoneNumber,'isMobile','手機號碼格式不正確');
var errorMsg = Validator.start();
return errorMsg;
}
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function(){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
alert(errorMsg);
return false //阻止表單提交
}
}
//Validator類的實現
var validator = function(){
this.cache = [];
}
validator.prototype.add = function(dom,rule,errorMsg){
var ary = rule.split(':'); //返回數組
this.cache.push(function(){
var strategy = ary.shift();//返回數組原來的第一個元素的值
ary.unshift(dom.value); //unshift() 方法可向數組的開頭添加一個或更多元素,并返回新的長度
ary.push(errorMsg);
return strategies[strategy].apply(dom,ary);
});
};
Validator.prototype.start = function(){
for(var i = 0,validataFunc;validataFunc = this.cache[i++];){
var msg = validataFunc();
if (msg) {
return msg;
}
}
}
//so 修改某個校驗規則
validator.sdd(registerForm.userName,'isNonEmpty','用戶不能為空')
5.6.3 給某個文本輸入框添加多種校驗規則
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://xxx.com/register" id="registerForm" method="post">
請輸入用戶名:<input type="text" name="userName">
請輸入密碼:<input type="text" name="password">
請輸入手機號碼:<input type="text" name="phoneNumber">
<button>提交</button>
</form>
<script>
var strategies = {
isNonEmpty:function(value,errorMsg){
if (value==='') {
return errorMsg;
}
},
minLength:function(value,length,errorMsg){
if (value.length<length) {
return errorMsg;
}
},
isMobile:function(value,errorMsg){
if (!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(value)) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//Validator類的實現
var Validator = function(){
this.cache = [];
}
Validator.prototype.add = function(dom,rules){
var self = this;
for(var i = 0,rule;rule = rules[i++];){
(function(rule){
var strategyAry = rule.strategy.split(':');
var errorMsg = rule.errorMsg;
self.cache.push(function(){
var strategy = strategyAry.shift();
strategyAry.unshift(dom.value);
strategyAry.push(errorMsg);
return strategies[strategy].apply(dom,strategyAry);
})
})(rule)
}
};
Validator.prototype.start = function(){
for(var i = 0,validataFunc;validataFunc = this.cache[i++];){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//準備實現Validator類
var validataFunc = function(){
var validator = new Validator();
validator.add(registerForm.userName,[{
strategy:'isNonEmpty',errorMsg:'用戶名不能為空'},{
strategy:'minLength:10',errorMsg:'用戶名不能小于10位'
}]);
validator.add(registerForm.password,[{strategy:'minLength:6',errorMsg:'最小長度為6位'}]);
validator.add(registerForm.phoneNumber,[{strategy:'isMobile',errorMsg:'手機號碼格式不正確'}]);
var errorMsg = validator.start();
return errorMsg;
}
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function(){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
alert(errorMsg);
return false //阻止表單提交
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
5.7 策略模式的有缺點
利用組合,委托和多態等技術和思想,可以有效地避免多重條件選擇語句
提供了對開放-封閉原則的完美支持
代碼復用
利用組合委托來讓Context擁有執行算法的能力,這也是繼承的一種更輕便的替代方案
不嚴重的缺點
增加許多策略類或者策略對象
必須了解所有的strategy,必須了解各個strategy之間的不同點,這樣才能選擇一個適合的strategy。
5.8 一等函數對象與策略模式
在Javascript中,“函數對象的多態性”來的更加簡單
var s = function (salary) {
// body...
return salary*4;
}
var A = function(salary) {
return salary*3;
}
var B = function(salary){
return salary*2
}
var calculateBous = function(func,salary){
return func(salary);
}
calculateBous(S,1000);